-ar

From Latin -āris (“of, pertaining to”). Distant doublet of -al.

-ar

2. Of, near, or pertaining to; adjective suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also.

   Synonyms: -al, -an, -ary, -ese, -ic, -id, -ish, -like, -oid, -ory, -ous, -y

   ‎alveolus + ‎-ar → ‎alveolar

   ‎lobe + ‎-ar → ‎lobar

See usage notes at -al.

Inherited from Middle English -ar, -er, -arie, from Latin -ārius and Old French -aire. Doublet of -ary, -eer, -yer, and -ier.

-ar

2. (nonproductive) Ending of some agent nouns inherited from Middle English borrowed from Old French or Medieval Latin

From Middle English -ar, -are, variant of Middle English -ere, from Old English -ere. More at -er.

-ar

1. (nonproductive) Ending of some agent nouns inherited from Middle English.

   beggar, liar, pedlar

Clipping of star; modelled after the earlier coinages pulsar and quasar.

-ar

2. (astronomy) Used to form names of star types.

• 'RA, 'Ra, ra, RA, Ra

• IPA^(key): /ar/

-ar

1. (intensifier) very; real

• SIL International (2020), “Abau Dictionary”, in Webonary.org‎^[2]

-ar

1. a suffix appended to words to create an agent noun, much like English -er/-or

• -aru, -ariu

From Latin -ārius, -ārium. Compare Daco-Romanian -ar.

-ar m

1. suffix used to denote a profession or craft

-ar

1. Postconsonantal form of -ər after the vowels A / I / O / U.

-ar

1. alternative form of -tar (demonym-forming suffix)

From ar (“male”).

-ar

1. male (animals)

   ‎katu (“cat”) + ‎-ar → ‎katar (“tomcat”)

-ar

1. [with verbal noun] about to

   Itxaron, bukatzear nago. ― Wait, I'll finish in a moment.

• “-ar” in Labayru Hiztegia

Inherited from Latin -āris (“of, pertaining to”).

(adjective)

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈar]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈaɾ]

(noun)

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈaɾ]

-ar m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ars)

1. -ar; forms adjectives of one form indicating that the noun that is modified by the adjective is pertaining to the root word used to form the adjective

-ar m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ars)

1. forms nouns indicating where a given crop is grown

   ‎taronger (“orange tree”) + ‎-ar → ‎tarongerar (“orange grove”)

2. forms nouns indicating where something is usually found

   ‎canyís (“common reed”) + ‎-ar → ‎canyissar (“reed bed”)

Inherited from Latin -āre (first conjugation present active infinitive). The endings of the first and second person plurals come from the Latin second conjugation (1P -em < Lat. -ēmus with loss of the final -us, 2P -eu < Lat. -ētis with loss of the final S); older versions of Catalan had -am (from Latin -āmus with loss of the final -us; the expected ending would be *-amos or *-ames) as the first person plural, and -au (from Latin -ātis with loss of the final S; the expected ending would be *-aus or *-ats) as the second person plural. The third person plural ending -en replaced -ānt due to the stress being pulled to the end in -an, while the second person singular ending -es was affected by natural sound development.

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈaɾ]

-ar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -í, past participle -at)

1. forms first conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word

   ‎col·lecció (“collection”) + ‎-ar → ‎col·leccionar (“to collect”)

In older versions of Catalan, the second person endings for the preterite were -ast in the singular and -às in the plural.

• “-ar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “-ar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

Inherited from Latin -āre.

-ar (ORB, broad)

1. Forms first-conjugation verbs.

From Latin -āris (“of, pertaining to”).

-ar m or f (adjective-forming suffix, plural -ares)

1. -ar; forms relational adjectives from nouns

   ‎molécula (“molecule”) + ‎-ar → ‎molecular (“molecular”)

From Latin -āre.

-ar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -ei, past participle -ado)

1. forms first conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word

   ‎fragmento (“fragment”) + ‎-ar → ‎fragmentar (“to fragment”)

From Latin -arius. Doublet of -er and -är.

• IPA^(key): /ˈaːr/, [ˈaː(ɐ̯)], [ˈaːʁ]

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

-ar

1. -ary

   ‎Mission + ‎-ar → ‎Missionar

Borrowed from French -er, Italian -are, Spanish -ar, from Latin -āre.

• IPA^(key): /ˈar/

-ar

1. This ending denotes the present infinitive form of a verb.

   Me volas komprar ca objekto. ― I want to buy this thing.

• -ir (past infinitive tense)
• -or (future infinitive tense)

-ar

1. Added to a noun root word, this forms a verb meaning to apply or make use of the root.
2. Added to an adjectival root word, this forms a verb meaning to render/make (adjective) the object of the verb.

• -isar
• -ificar

• -āre
• -al (when not containing /l/)

From the recurrent substantivation of apocopated adjectives in -āre, the nominative neuter singular ending of -āris, a dissimilated variant of -ālis. Compare the nominal suffixes -ārium, -ium and -cum (among others), all derived from the neuter stem of adjective-forming suffixes.

-ar n (genitive -āris); third declension

1. noun-forming suffix

Only appears attached to bases that contain /l/: other bases get the suffix -al instead. Although the suffix -ārium n is etymologically distinct, a number of nouns show variation between the two endings, likely facilitated by the fact that they share the same form (-āria) in the nominative/accusative plural.

Third-declension noun (neuter, pure i-stem).

-ar

1. alternative form of -ere (agentive suffix)

-ar

1. Suffix meaning many and used to denote a plural.

   ‎mimini (“woman”) + ‎-ar → ‎miminar (“women”)

• IPA^(key): /ar/

From Old Norse -ar, the nominative plural ending for masculine a-stem and feminine ō-stem nouns.

-ar m or f

1. Used to form regular indefinite plurals of most masculine nouns.

   ‎gut (“boy”) + ‎-ar → ‎gutar (“boys”)

2. Used to form regular indefinite plurals of some feminine nouns.

   ‎gjerning (“act”) + ‎-ar → ‎gjerningar (“acts”)

• -ane
• -en

From Old Norse -ar, the genitive singular ending for strong feminine nouns and masculine i- and u-stem nouns.

• -a

-ar m or f

1. Used to form indefinite genitive singulars of strong feminine nouns and some strong masculine nouns, used in frozen expressions.

   Ein fredar mann. ― A peaceful man/person.

From Old Norse -ari.

• -ari, -are, -ær (dialectal)

-ar m

1. Used to form nouns from verbs, a person who performs the action of the verb.

   Ein som lever av å baka, er ein bakar. ― One who makes his living baking is a baker.

From Old Norse -arr, from Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“warrior”), *warjaz (“defender”) and *gaizaz (“spear”).

-ar m

2. A name suffix, meaning warrior, guardian or spear

From Old Occitan -ar, from Latin -āre, infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.

• IPA^(key): /ˈa/

-ar

1. Suffix of verbs of the first conjugation

Inherited from Latin -āre, infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.

-ar

1. forms verbs from nouns or adjectives — forms regular first-conjugation verbs in the impersonal infinitive
2. forms the first-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs
3. forms the third-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs

• Fala: -al
• Galician: -ar
• Portuguese: -ar

Learned borrowing from Latin -āre.

-ar

1. forms adjectives from nouns

   ‎capitulo (“ecclesiastical chapter”) + ‎-ar → ‎capitular (“capitular”)

• Galician: -ar
• Portuguese: -ar

• IPA^(key): /ar/

Originally multiple distinct endings:

• In the a-stems, from Proto-Germanic *-ōz, from Proto-Indo-European *-oes, from *-os (o-stem suffix) +‎ *-es (nominative plural suffix).
• In the n-stems, a modification of Proto-Germanic *-aniz after the a-stems.
• In the ō-stem nominative, from Proto-Germanic *-ôz, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂es, from *-eh₂ (eh₂-stem suffix) +‎ *-es (nominative plural suffix).
• In the ō-stem accusative, from Proto-Germanic *-ōz, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂m̥s, from *-eh₂ (eh₂-stem suffix) +‎ *-ms (accusative plural suffix).

-ar

1. masculine a-stem/n-stem indefinite nominative plural suffix
2. ō-stem indefinite nominative/accusative plural suffix

• Icelandic: -ar
• Faroese: -ar
• Middle Norwegian: -ar
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: -ar
• Elfdalian: -er
• Old Swedish: -ar, -ær
  • Swedish: -ar
• Danish: -er
  • Norwegian Bokmål: -er
• →? Old Frisian: -ar

Originally multiple distinct endings:

• In the ō-stems, from Proto-Germanic *-ōz, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s, from *-eh₂ (ō-stem suffix) +‎ *-s (genitive singular suffix).
• In the u-stems, from Proto-Germanic *-auz, from either Proto-Indo-European *-ows or *-ews with the o-grade levelled in from other case forms.
• In the i-stems, from Proto-Germanic *-aiz, a modification of earlier *-īz on the analogy of *-auz.^[1]

-ar

1. i-stem/ō-stem/u-stem indefinite genitive singular suffix

• Icelandic: -ar
• Faroese: -ar
• Middle Norwegian: -ar
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: -ar (fossilized)
• Old Swedish: -ar

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-arъ.

• IPA^(key): /ar/
• Rhymes: -ar
• Syllabification: -ar

-ar m

1. forms nouns

   ‎ciążyć + ‎-ar → ‎ciężar

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -ar, from Latin -āre, infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.

• (Caipira) IPA^(key): [ˈaɻ]
• (Northeast Brazil) IPA^(key): [ˈa(ʁ)]
• Rhymes: (Portugal, São Paulo) -aɾ, (Brazil) -aʁ, (Brazil, with r-dropping) -a

-ar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -ei, past participle -ado)

2. forms verbs from nouns or adjectives — forms regular first-conjugation verbs in the impersonal infinitive

   ‎asfalto (“asphalt”) + ‎-ar → ‎asfaltar (“to asphalt”)

   ‎diálogo (“dialogue”) + ‎-ar → ‎dialogar (“to dialogue”)

3. forms the first-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs
4. forms the third-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs

The following ending(s) change(s) in words appended with this suffix:

• ⟨-ição⟩ (being part of a hiatus in feminine nouns, including plurals) → ⟨-(i)cion-⟩
• ⟨-ção⟩, ⟨-são⟩ (in feminine nouns, including plurals) → ⟨-cion-⟩, ⟨-sion-⟩
• ⟨-ão⟩ (as a non-verb suffix, including plurals) → ⟨-on-⟩
• ⟨-ã(o)-⟩ (including plurals) → ⟨-(i)an-⟩, ⟨-am-⟩, or ⟨-(i)on-⟩, depending on the base word's etymology
• ⟨-m⟩ (including plurals) → ⟨-n-⟩
• ⟨-z⟩ (in some nouns from Latin, including plurals) → ⟨-c(i)-⟩
• ⟨-vel⟩ (unstressed and adjectival, including plurals) → ⟨-bili-⟩
• ⟨-z⟩ (adjectival, including plurals) → ⟨-ci-⟩
• ⟨-dade⟩ (as a noun suffix, including plurals) → ⟨-t-⟩

From Old Galician-Portuguese -ar, from Latin āre.

• Rhymes: (Portugal, São Paulo) -aɾ, (Brazil) -aʁ

-ar m or f (adjective-forming suffix, plural -ares)

1. alternative form of -al

See usage notes at -al.

• “-ar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “-ar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

• -ariu m (archaic)

Inherited from Latin -ārium, accusative of -ārius.

• IPA^(key): /ar/

-ar m (plural -ari)

1. Added to a word to denote a profession or craft; -er

   ‎roată (“wheel”) + ‎-ar → ‎rotar (“wheeler”)

   ‎oală (“pot”) + ‎-ar → ‎olar (“potter”)

   ‎fier (“iron”) + ‎-ar → ‎fierar (“blacksmith”)

   ‎vacă (“cow”) + ‎-ar → ‎văcar (“cowherd”)

   ‎porc (“pig”) + ‎-ar → ‎porcar (“swineherd”)

• -tor
• -easă

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ařь.

IPA^(key): /aːr/

-ar (Cyrillic spelling -ар)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, a person who does something, or an animal who does something.

Nouns with this ending may use either the non-palatal declension (V sg. -e, I sg. -om) or the palatal declension (V sg. -u, I sg. -em), e.g. s pekarom or s pekarem.

• -jar
• -ičar

• Browne, Wayles (1993), “Serbo-Croat”, in Comrie, Bernard, Corbett, Greville G., editors, The Slavonic Languages, London and New York: Routledge, page 320
• Babić, Stjepan (2002), Tvorba riječi u hrvatskome književnome jeziku, 3rd revised edition, Zagreb: HAZU, page(s) 122, § 321

From Proto-Slavic *-ařь.

-ar m

1. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun.

• IPA^(key): /ˈaɾ/ [ˈaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: -ar

Inherited from Latin -āris.

-ar m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ares)

1. indicates membership or status

   ‎gránulo (“granule”) + ‎-ar → ‎granular (“granular”)

   ‎testículo (“testicle”) + ‎-ar → ‎testicular (“testicular”)

-ar m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ares)

1. indicates a place where something is grown

   Synonym: -al

   ‎anís (“anise”) + ‎-ar → ‎anisar (“anise field”)

   ‎haba (“bean”) + ‎-ar → ‎habar (“bean patch”)

   ‎sandía (“watermelon”) + ‎-ar → ‎sandiar (“watermelon patch”)

Inherited from Latin -āre (first conjugation infinitive suffix). Cognate with French -er, Italian -are, Romanian -a.

-ar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -é, past participle -ado)

1. forms first conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word

   ‎programa (“program”) + ‎-ar → ‎programar (“to schedule”)

• -er
• -ir

• Appendix:Spanish verbs in -er
• Appendix:Spanish verbs in -ir

• “-ar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

-ar

1. Suffix for the indefinite plural form of nouns of the second declension.
2. Suffix for the present tense, active voice, indicative mood for the absolute majority of Swedish verbs.

• For verbs, it is more customary to identify the -a of this 'suffix' as belonging to the stem of the verb, and thus only consider -r to be the suffix. However, the verbs which in present tense ends in the letters -ar are commonly called -ar-verbs, as to differentiate them from -er-verbs and verbs which don't end in -a in infinitive.
• See also the usage notes for -r.

• IPA^(key): /aɾ/

Form of -er after the vowels A / I / O / U.

-ar

1. Simple present and aorist tense marker.

Form of -er after the vowels A / I / O / U.

-ar

1. Makes adjectives out of verbs.
2. Makes nouns out of verbs.

Post-consonantal form of -er after the vowels A / I / O / U.

-ar

1. Derives distributive numbers.

From Ottoman Turkish ـر (-r, -er, -ar), from Proto-Turkic *-gar.^[1]

-ar

1. Derives intransitive verbs from names of colors.

   ‎kara (“black”) + ‎-ar → ‎kararmak (“to turn black, to darken”)

   ‎ak (“white, light”) + ‎-ar → ‎ağarmak (“to turn white, to whiten”)

   ‎mor (“purple”) + ‎-ar → ‎morarmak (“to turn purple, to bruise”)

2. Derives transitive verbs from nouns.

   ‎ev (“home, house”) + ‎-er → ‎evermek (“to marry off”)

   ‎ön (“front, ahead”) + ‎-er → ‎önermek (“to put forward, to propose”)

From Proto-Brythonic *-ar, from Proto-Celtic *-aros, from Proto-Indo-European *-Hrós.^[1] (See byddar (“deaf”).)

• IPA^(key): /ar/

-ar

1. adjectival suffix

   ‎cynt (“before, earlier”) + ‎-ar → ‎cynnar (“early”)

   ‎diwedd (“end”) + ‎-ar → ‎diweddar (“late”)

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “-ar”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies