Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-aniz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-ones, from *-ō (masculine n-stem suffix) +‎ *-es (nominative/vocative plural suffix).

    Compare Ancient Greek -ονες (-ones) and Sanskrit -आनस् (-ānas).

    Suffix

    *-aniz

    1. Forms the nominative and vocative plurals of masculine an-stem nouns.
      ‎*bugô (“bow”) + ‎*-aniz → ‎*buganiz (“bows”)

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Proto-West Germanic: *-an
      • Old English: -an
        • Middle English: -en
          • English: -en (mostly unproductive)
          • Middle Scots: -n, -en, -in (unproductive, in e.g. ene and owsyn)
            • Scots: -n, -en (unproductive, in e.g. een and ousen)
      • Old Frisian: -a
      • Old Saxon: -an
        • Middle Low German: -en
          • German Low German: -en
          • Plautdietsch: -e
    • ⇒ Old Norse: -ar (with -r after a-stem -ar)
      • Icelandic: -ar
      • Faroese: -ar
      • Middle Norwegian: -ar
        • Norwegian Nynorsk: -ar
      • Elfdalian: -er
      • Old Swedish: -ar, -ær
      • Danish: -er
        • Norwegian Bokmål: -er
      • →? Old Frisian: -ar
    • Gothic: -𐌰𐌽𐍃 (-ans)

    References

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