Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology 1

    Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s (eh₂-stem genitive singular ending), from *-eh₂ (eh₂-stem suffix) +‎ *-s (genitive singular suffix). Compare Ancient Greek -ᾱς (-ās), -ης (-ēs), Old Latin -ās, and Lithuanian -os.

    Suffix

    *-ōz

    1. Forms the genitive singular of ō-stem nouns.
      ‎*gebō (“gift”) + ‎*-ōz → ‎*gebōz (“gift's”)
    Alternative reconstructions
    • *-ôz
    Descendants
    • Proto-West Germanic: *-ā
      • Old English: -e (early -æ)
        • Middle English: -e (extended to the nominative)
      • Old Frisian: -e (extended to the nominative)
      • Old Saxon: -a (extended to the nominative)
      • Old Dutch: -a (extended to the nominative)
      • Old High German: -a (extended to the nominative)
    • Old Norse: -ar
      • Icelandic: -ar
      • Faroese: -ar
      • Middle Norwegian: -ar
        • Norwegian Nynorsk: -ar (fossilized)
      • Old Swedish: -ar
    • Gothic: -𐍉𐍃 (-ōs)

    Etymology 2

      Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂m̥s (eh₂-stem accusative plural ending), from *-eh₂ (eh₂-stem suffix) +‎ *-s (genitive singular suffix). Compare Ancient Greek -ᾱς (-ās) (dialectal -ᾰς (-ăs), -αις (-ais), -ᾰνς (-ăns)), Latin -ās, Lithuanian -as, and Sanskrit -आः (-āḥ).

      Suffix

      *-ōz

      1. Forms the accusative plural of ō-stem nouns.
        ‎*gebō (“gift”) + ‎*-ōz → ‎*gebō (“gifts”)
      Alternative reconstructions
      • *-ôz
      Descendants
      • Proto-West Germanic: *-ā, *-ą̄
        • Old Saxon: -a (rare)
          • Middle Low German: -e
            • German Low German: -e
        • Old Dutch: -a
          • Middle Dutch: -e
        • Old High German: -a, -ā
          • Middle High German: -e (Alemmanic -ā)
            • Alemannic German:
              Walser German: -a, -ä
            • German: -e
            • East Central German: -e
            • Rhine Franconian:
              Hessian: -e (Northern)
      • Old Norse: -ar
        • Icelandic: -ar
        • Faroese: -ar
        • Middle Norwegian: -ar
          • Norwegian Nynorsk: -ar
        • Elfdalian: -er
        • Old Swedish: -ar, -ær
        • Danish: -er
          • Norwegian Bokmål: -er
        • →? Old Frisian: -ar
      • Gothic: -𐍉𐍃 (-ōs)

      References

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