Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harjaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *kóryos (“war, troops”), from *ker- (“army”). Cognate with Old Irish cuire (“troop, host, company; muster”), Lithuanian kãras, kãrias (“war”), Ancient Greek κοίρανος (koíranos, “ruler, commander, military leader”), Old Persian 𐎣𐎠𐎼 (k-a-r /⁠kāra⁠/, “people of war, army”).[1]

    Possibly attested as a vocative or combining form hari on Negau B, a helmet dated to 450–350 BCE (although the inscription may have been added much later with a terminus ante quem of 50 BCE, when the hoard was buried). First attested with certainty as runic harja (2nd century, Vimose), although the latter inscription may be considered to postdate Proto-Germanic.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈxɑr.jɑz/

    Noun

    *harjaz m

    1. army
    2. army leader; commander; warrior

    Inflection

    Declension of *harjaz (masculine ja-stem)
    singular plural
    nominative *harjaz *harjōz, *harjōs
    vocative *hari *harjōz, *harjōs
    accusative *harją *harjanz
    genitive *harjas, *haris *harjǫ̂
    dative *harjai *harjamaz
    instrumental *harjō *harjamiz

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    References

    1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*harja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 211-2
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