atropelar

Old Galician-Portuguese

Alternative forms

atropellar

Etymology

From a- +‎ tropel (“troop”) +‎ -ar. Only attested in the Cronica Troiana.

Verb

atropelar

to trample; to run over. The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1373 January 20, Fernán Martís, chapter 373, in Cronica Troiana [Trojan Chronicle], Kingdom of Galicia, translation of Roman de Troie by Benoît de Sainte-Maure (in Old French), →OCLC, manuscript MSS/10233, page 148r:
  Et tã grande era ali o puxaꝛ ⁊ o atropellaꝛ ⁊ o feriꝛ en gſa q̃ nõ podiã y regos duraꝛ ẽno torneo.
  [Et ta[n] grande era ali o puxar et o atropellar et o ferir en g[ui]sa q[ue] no[n] podia[n] y [g]regos durar enno torneo.]
  And so great was the pushing, the trampling and the injuring that the Greeks couldn't stand at the combat.

Conjugation

Conjugation of atropelar

gerund		compound		gerund of haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
infinitive				atropelar
gerund		simple		atropelando
past participle				singular		plural
		masculine		atropelado		atropelados
		feminine		atropelada		atropeladas
present participle				atropelante		atropelantes
person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	atropelo	atropelas	atropela	atropelamos	atropelades, atropelaes, atropelais, atropelaas, atropelás	atropelan
	imperfect	atropelava	atropelavas	atropelava	atropelavamos, atropelávamos	atropelavades, atropelávades, atropelávaes, atropelávais, atropelávees, atropeláveis	atropelavan
	preterite	atropelei	atropelaste, atropelasche, atropelache	atropelou	atropelamos	atropelastes	atropelaron
	pluperfect	atropelara	atropelaras	atropelara	atropelaramos, atropeláramos	atropelarades, atropelárades, atropeláraes, atropelárais, atropelárees, atropeláreis	atropelaran
	future	atropelarei	atropelarás	atropelará	atropelaremos	atropelaredes, atropelarees, atropelareis, atropelarês	atropelarán
	conditional	atropelaria	atropelarias	atropelaria	atropelariamos, atropelaríamos	atropelariades, atropelaríades, atropelaríaes, atropelaríais, atropelaríees, atropelaríeis	atropelarian
compound tenses	present perfect	present of haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect of haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
	past anterior	preterite of haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
	pluperfect anterior	simple pluperfect of haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
	future perfect	future of haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
subjunctive mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	atropele	atropeles	atropele	atropelemos	atropeledes, atropelees, atropeleis, atropelês	atropelen
	imperfect	atropelasse	atropelasses	atropelasse	atropelassemos, atropelássemos	atropelassedes, atropelássedes, atropelássees, atropelásseis	atropelassen
	future	atropelar	atropelares	atropelar	atropelarmos	atropelardes	atropelaren
compound tenses	present perfect	present subjunctive of haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
	future perfect	future subjunctive of haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
imperative mood		—	tu	—	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	—
affirmative		—	atropela	—	atropelemos	atropelade, atropelae, atropelai	—
negative		—	non atropeles	—	non atropelemos	non atropeledes, non atropelees, non atropeleis, non atropelês	—
personal infinitive		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
personal infinitive		atropelar	atropelares	atropelar	atropelarmos	atropelardes	atropelaren
¹ teer and “ter were also used, although all three were less common than haver.

Descendants

>? Fala: atropellal
Galician: atropelar
Portuguese: atropelar

References

Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “atropel”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2020–2026), “atropelar”, in Vocabulário histórico-cronológico do português medieval [Historical and chronological vocabulary of Medieval Portuguese] (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa
Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “atropelar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese atropelar. By surface analysis, a- +‎ tropel +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.tɾu.peˈla(ʁ)/ [a.tɾu.peˈla(h)], /a.tɾo.peˈla(ʁ)/ [a.tɾo.peˈla(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /a.tɾu.peˈla(ɾ)/, /a.tɾo.peˈla(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /a.tɾu.peˈla(ʁ)/ [a.tɾu.peˈla(χ)], /a.tɾo.peˈla(ʁ)/ [a.tɾo.peˈla(χ)]
- (Caipira) IPA^(key): /a.tɾu.peˈla(ɻ)/, /a.tɾo.peˈla(ɻ)/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.tɾo.peˈla(ʁ)/ [a.tɾo.peˈla(h)]

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.tɾu.pɨˈlaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.tɾu.pɨˈla.ɾi/

Hyphenation: a‧tro‧pe‧lar

Verb

atropelar (first-person singular present atropelo, first-person singular preterite atropelei, past participle atropelado)

(transitive) to hit an obstacle while moving
(transitive) to run over (drive over, causing injury or death)
(Brazil, derogatory, slang, transitive) to spray graffiti on an area already graffitied, technically deforming or removing the previous graffiti

Conjugation

Conjugation of atropelar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	atropelar
Personal	atropelar	atropelares	atropelar	atropelarmos	atropelardes	atropelarem
Gerund
	atropelando
Past participle
Masculine	atropelado			atropelados
Feminine	atropelada			atropeladas
Indicative
Present	atropelo	atropelas	atropela	atropelamos	atropelais	atropelam
Imperfect	atropelava	atropelavas	atropelava	atropelávamos	atropeláveis	atropelavam
Preterite	atropelei	atropelaste	atropelou	atropelamos¹, atropelámos²	atropelastes	atropelaram
Pluperfect	atropelara	atropelaras	atropelara	atropeláramos	atropeláreis	atropelaram
Future	atropelarei	atropelarás	atropelará	atropelaremos	atropelareis	atropelarão
Conditional	atropelaria	atropelarias	atropelaria	atropelaríamos	atropelaríeis	atropelariam
Subjunctive
Present	atropele	atropeles	atropele	atropelemos	atropeleis	atropelem
Imperfect	atropelasse	atropelasses	atropelasse	atropelássemos	atropelásseis	atropelassem
Future	atropelar	atropelares	atropelar	atropelarmos	atropelardes	atropelarem
Imperative
Affirmative		atropela	atropele	atropelemos	atropelai	atropelem
Negative (não)		não atropeles	não atropele	não atropelemos	não atropeleis	não atropelem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Old Galician-Portuguese

Alternative forms

Etymology

Verb

Conjugation

Descendants

References

Portuguese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Further reading