Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-īz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-eyes (i-stem nominative plural), from *-is (i-stem suffix) +‎ *-es (nominative plural suffix); compare Latin -ēs and Sanskrit -अयः (-ayaḥ).

Suffix

*-īz[1][2]

  1. Forms the nominative/vocative plural of masculine/feminine i-stem nouns.
    ‎*albiz (“elf”) + ‎*-īz → ‎*albīz (“elves”)

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *-ī
    • Old English: -e (early -i)
    • Old Saxon: -i, -e
      • Middle Low German: -e
        • Low German: -e
    • Old Dutch: -i
      • Middle Dutch: -e
    • Old High German: -i, -e
      • Middle High German: -e
        • Bavarian:
          Cimbrian: -e
        • German: -e
        • East Central German: -e
        • Rhine Franconian:
          Hessian: -e (Northern)
  • Old Norse: -ir
  • Gothic: -𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-eis)

References

  1. ^ Fulk, R[obert] D. (September 2018), “Nouns”, in A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages (Studies in Germanic Linguistics; 3)‎[1], Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →DOI, →ISBN, →LCCN, § 7.21, page 161.
  2. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 272
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