a/languages A to L

• IPA^(key): /a/

a

1. you know? right? (confirmation- or explanation-seeking particle)
2. it seems; used to convey a statement that is unconfirmed but likely to be agreed upon

a class II gender f

1. house
   • 2006, “Matthew 7”, in Wycliffe Bible Translators, Inc., transl., God so Sokior-ok Iwon [The New Testament in the Abau language of Papua New Guinea] (overall work in Abau), Wycliffe Bible Translators, Inc., verse 27:

     ... seyr howniy aiopey hay hok a se amnuw-sway.

     ... and the winds blew and beat against that house ...

SIL International (2020), “Abau Dictionary”, in Webonary.org‎^[2]

• IPA^(key): /ˈa/ [ˈʔʌ]
• Hyphenation: a

á

1. this, these (masculine)

• E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “a”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015), L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[3], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

• IPA^(key): /a/

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Akawaio alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, E e, I i, Ɨ ɨ, K k, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ʉ ʉ, W w, Y y, ꞌ

• Stegeman, Ray; Hunter, Rita (2014), Akawaio-English Dictionary and English-Akawaio Index, SIL International, page 2

• According to Orel, the particle and conjunction are etymologically identical. From Proto-Albanian *a and cognate to Ancient Greek ἦ (ê, “indeed”).^[1]

• From Proto-Albanian *(h)au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eu- (“that”). Cognate to Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “on the other hand, again”). A proclitic disjunctive particle, used with one or more parts of the sentence.^[2]

• ha (archaic, Buzuku)^[3]

• IPA^(key): /a/

a

1. or
2. there

From Proto-Albanian *(h)an, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en (“there”). Cognate with Latin an (“yes, perhaps”). Interrogative particle, usually used proclitically in simple sentences.^[4]

• IPA^(key): /a/

a

1. a question particle
2. probably, perhaps
3. whether

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Standard Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

• “a”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
• FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎^[4], 1980

• IPA^(key): /ãː/

a

1. tree

a

1. (transitive, Mpakwithi) to pull

• Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 184

From Latin illa.

a f sg

1. the

   a luenga aragonesa ― the Aragonese language

From Latin ad.

• IPA^(key): /a/ [a]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: a

a

1. to, towards

• al

a f sg (masculine il, neuter u, masculine plural us, feminine plural as)

1. (A Estierna) alternative form of la

a f

1. a (the name of the letter A, a)

• IPA^(key): (phoneme) /ɑ/, (letter name) [ɑː]

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

a (definite accusative anı, plural alar)

1. The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

• (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z
• (Latin-script letter names) hərf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, ə, fe, ge, ğe, he / haş, xe / iks, ı, i, je, ke / ka, qe / kü, el, em, en, o, ö, pe, er, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye / iqrek, ze / zet

• IPA^(key): [ɑː]

a

1. ah, oh (indicates surprise)

   A, doğrudan? ― Oh, really?

• “a” in Obastan.com.

a

1. the (definite article).

a

1. ah (expression of surprise)
2. eh (expression of reluctance)

a

1. they, them (plural)
2. he, she, they (singular)

• (they): u

• IPA^(key): /a/ [a]
• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: a

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Basque alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• see other Basque letters

a (indeclinable)

1. The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

• see other Basque letter names

Cognate with German ein, eine, Yiddish אַ (a), אַן (an).

• IPA^(key): /ɐ/

a

1. a

• oa (“one”, determiner)

Unstressed form of ea

• IPA^(key): /ɐ/

a

1. he

Cognate with German auch.

a

1. alternative form of aa: also, too, as well

a

1. of

• Crosbie, Paul, ed. (2007), Kriol-Inglish Dikshineri: English-Kriol Dictionary. Belize City: Belize Kriol Project, p. 19.

• IPA^(key): /a/
• Rhymes: -a

a

1. in

• Big Nambas Grammar Pacific Linguistics - G.J. Fox

From Proto-Brythonic *a, from Proto-Celtic *au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew.

• IPA^(key): /a/

a (triggers soft mutation)

1. from (expresses origin)

   tud a Vrest ― people from Brest

2. of (indicates an amount)

   un tamm brav a gig ― a nice piece of meat

3. of (expresses a quality)

   ur plac’h a enor ― a girl of honour

4. after certain adjectives or adverbs expressing quantity

   ur voutailh leun a sistr ― a bottle full of cider

5. after ordinal numbers with a plural noun

   tri a vugale ― three children

6. used in negative sentences with the grammatical object

   nʼem eus ket ken a vutun ― I donʼt have any more tobacco

7. before the infinitive after certain verbs like paouez, mirout, diwall, c'hwitañ

   paouezet eo ar glav a gouezhañ ― it has stopped raining [lit. the rain has stopped falling]

8. after substantivized adjectives used as nouns

   ur vrav a blacʼh ― a pretty girl

9. combined with a personal pronoun

   gwelet em boa acʼhanout ― I saw you

   an den a gomzan anezhañ ― the man Iʼm talking about

• IPA^(key): /a/

a (triggers soft mutation)

1. preverbal particle used when
   1. the subject precedes the verb

      ar mor a zo glas ― the sea is blue

   2. the object precedes the verb

      an den-se a glevan ― I hear that man

a (triggers soft mutation)

1. (relative) that, which, who (used in 'direct' relative clauses, i.e. where the pronoun refers to the subject or the direct object of an inflected verb)

   an hini a garan ― the one whom I love

• IPA^(key): /à/

a

1. The augment for class 2, 6, 6b and 16 nouns.

• Justo Bolekia (2009), Diccionario español-bubi, Akal, →ISBN, page 22

a

1. alternative spelling of I (“1st person singular subject personal pronoun”)

• IPA^(key): /a/
• Rhymes: -a

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Catalan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• no saber ni la a

• see other Catalan letters

From Latin ad.

• (Eastern) IPA^(key): /ə/
• (Western) IPA^(key): /a/

a

1. in, at; indicating a particular time or place

   Sóc a Barcelona.

   I am in Barcelona.

2. to; indicating movement towards a particular place

   Vaig a Barcelona.

   I'm going to Barcelona.

3. to; indicating a target or indirect object

   Escric una carta a la meva àvia.

   I'm writing my grandmother a letter.

4. per
5. by

   dia a dia.

   day by day.

• When the preposition a is followed by a masculine definite article, el or els, it is contracted with it to the forms al and als respectively. If el would be elided to the form l’ because it is before a word beginning with a vowel, the elision to a l’ takes precedence over contracting to al.

The same occurs with the salat article es, to form as except where es would be elided to s’.

• al
• als
• as
• cap a
• per a

• IPA^(key): /ˈʔa/ [ˈʔa]
• Hyphenation: a

a (Badlit spelling ᜀ)

1. used as a pause before starting to speak
   1. um (as a filler)
   2. deprecating or expressing unimportance
   3. expressing mild disapproval
   4. oh (expressing affirmation or realization)
   5. ah (expressing relief)

• IPA^(key): /ˈʔaʔ/ [ˈʔaʔ]
• Hyphenation: a

à (Badlit spelling ᜀ)

1. used at the start of a sentence with an adjective
   1. expressing dismissal or dismissiveness
   2. expressing disapproval
   3. expressing surprise

• IPA^(key): /ˈʔaʔ/ [ˈʔaʔ]
• Hyphenation: a

à (Badlit spelling ᜀ)

1. clipping of ala (“to misidentify”)

• John U. Wolff (1972), A dictionary of Cebuano Visayan‎^[5] (overall work in Cebuano and English), Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press

• IPA^(key): /a/

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. A letter of the Central Mazahua alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ⱥ ⱥ, A̱ a̱, B b, C c, Cꞌ cꞌ, Cj cj, Cu cu, Cꞌu cꞌu, Cju cju, Ch ch, Chꞌ chꞌ, Chj chj, D d, Dy dy, E e, Ɇ ɇ, E̱ e̱, G g, Gu gu, Hu hu, ꞌHu ꞌhu, I i, I̱ i̱, J j, Jꞌ jꞌ, Jm jm, Jn jn, Jñ jñ, Ju ju, Jy jy, L l, M m, Mꞌ mꞌ, N n, Nꞌ nꞌ, Ñ ñ, Ñꞌ ñꞌ, O o, Ø ø, O̱ o̱, P p, Pj pj, R r, S s, T t, Tꞌ tꞌ, Tj tj, Ts ts, Tsꞌ tsꞌ, Tsj tsj, U u, Ꞹ ꞹ, U̱ u̱, X x, Z z, Zh zh, ꞌ

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

a

1. or

• Pensinger, Brenda J. (1974), Diccionario mixteco-español, español-mixteco (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 18)‎^[6] (in Spanish), México, D.F.: El Instituto Lingüístico de Verano en coordinación con la Secretaría de Educación Pública a través de la Dirección General de Educación Extraescolar en el Medio Indígena, pages 3, 110

• IPA^(key): /a/

a

1. open mouth
2. smell, taste

• Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.

• IPA^(key): /a/

-a

1. The genitive particle; associative particle; adjectival particle; of

• This particle agrees in class with the noun preceding it.

a

1. yes

• IPA^(key): /ɑ/

a

1. he
2. she
3. it

a

1. he is
2. she is
3. it is

• an (Sette Comuni)

From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-West Germanic *ain.

a (oblique masculine an)

1. (Luserna) a, an

   Maria iz a lavròunaren. ― Maria is a Lavaronese.

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

a

1. water

• IPA^(key): /a˧˨/
• Hyphenation: a³²

a

1. Sentence-final declarative particle.

• Erickson de Hollenbach, Elena; Santillán Merino, Miguel; et al. (2010), Diccionario triqui-español y español triqui: Triqui de San Juan Copala‎^[7] (in Spanish), preliminary version, fourth edition, published August 2022, page 1

a

1. outside
2. out of view (from the speaker)
3. entering a shallow domain; entering a domain in a shallow or restricted manner

   atyásuuna káasu hece

   The water is pouring into the (shallow) pan.

• u (“inside; within view”)

• Eugene Casad, Ronald Langacker (1985), “'Inside' and 'outside' in Cora grammar”, in International Journal of American Linguistics

Onomatopoeic.

• IPA^(key): /aː/

a

1. ah

Compare Welsh a.

• IPA^(key): /a/

a (triggers soft mutation)

1. Inserted before the verb when a subject or direct object precedes the verb

From Proto-Brythonic *a, from Proto-Celtic *au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew.

• IPA^(key): /a/

a (triggers soft mutation)

1. of (expressing separation, origin, composition/substance or a quality)
2. of (between a preceding large number and a following plural noun to express quantity)
3. from (indicating provenance)

Possibly conjunctive use of Etymology 3. Compare Welsh o (“if”) and Old Irish ó (“when”).

a (triggers hard mutation)

1. if

   Synonyms: mar, mara, maras, mars

From Proto-Brythonic *ėɣɨd, from Proto-Celtic *ageti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-. Compare Welsh â.

a

1. third-person singular present indicative of mos (“to go”)
2. second-person singular imperative of mos (“to go”)

From the earlier la.

• IPA^(key): /ˈa/
• Homophones: à, hà

a f (masculine u, masculine plural i, feminine plural e)

1. the (feminine)

• Before a vowel, a turns into l'

a f

1. her, it (direct object)

• Before a vowel, a turns into l'

• “a” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

Inherited from Old Czech a, from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō.

• IPA^(key): [ˈa]

• Audio:

  (file)

a

1. and

• “a”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “a”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “a”, in Akademický slovník současné češtiny, 2012–2026, slovnikcestiny.cz
• “a”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

• IPA^(key): /a/

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. A letter of the Dakota alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á), B b, Č č, Čh čh, Čʼ čʼ, D d, E e (É é), G g, Ǧ ǧ, H h, Ȟ ȟ, I i (Í í), K k, Kh kh, Kȟ kȟ, Kʼ kʼ, M m, N n, ŋ, O o (Ó ó), P p, Ph ph, Pȟ pȟ, Pʼ pʼ, S s, Š š, T t, Th th, Tȟ tȟ, Tʼ tʼ, U u (Ú ú), W w, Y y, Z z, Ž ž, ʼ

From Latin ad.

a

1. to
2. at

• IPA^(key): /æː/, [ˈæːˀ]
• Rhymes: -æː

• Audio (Copenhagen):

  (file)

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Danish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• see other Danish letters

• IPA^(key): /æː/, [ˈæːˀ]
• Rhymes: -æː

• Audio (Copenhagen):

  (file)

a n (singular definite a'et, plural indefinite a'er)

1. The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

• à (unofficial but common)

• IPA^(key): /æ/, [ˈæˀ]
• Rhymes: -æ, -æː

• Audio (Copenhagen):

  (file)

a

1. of, of...each, each containing
2. at
3. to, or

• IPA^(key): /æː/, [ˈæːˀ]
• Rhymes: -æː

• Audio (Copenhagen):

  (file)

a

1. imperative of ae

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /aː/

• Audio:

  (file)

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

From Middle Dutch â, from Old Dutch ā, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.

• aa (especially in names)
• ie

a f (plural a's, diminutive aatje)

2. (archaic) a stream or water

• Aa
• eiland

• Aa (waternaam) on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^nl

a

1. (Brabant, dialectal) alternative form of u (“you”, objective or reflexive pronoun)

a

1. (Brabant, dialectal) alternative form of uw (“your”)

The masculine singular form of the possessive pronoun is awe.

• IPA^(key): /à/

a

1. impersonal pronoun, usually translated into English as "we"

• agukisinmwiongie (“morning star”)

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Edo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• Rebecca N. Agheyisi (1986), An Ẹdo - English Dictionary‎^[8], Ethiope Publishing Corporation, page 1

a

1. Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜥ.

From Latin ego (“I”).

• IPA^(key): /ɐ/
• Hyphenation: a

a (personal, nominative case)

1. I
2. we
3. you (plural)

• Becomes aj- before a vowel (proclitic).
• Becomes -ja when acting as an enclitic.

• IPA^(key): /a/

• Audio:

  (file)

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Esperanto alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z

a (accusative singular a-on, plural a-oj, accusative plural a-ojn)

1. The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

• (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo

• (letter name, aa): IPA^(key): /ˈɑː/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ɑ/

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Estonian alphabet, called aa and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)

a (genitive a or a', partitive a-d or a'd)

1. the letter a (the first letter of the Estonian alphabet)
2. (music) A (note)

   Synonym: la

(the first letter of the Estonian alphabet):

Declension of a (ÕS type 26i/idee, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		-	-d
accusative	nom.
	gen.	-
genitive			-de
partitive		-d	-id -sid
illative		-sse	-desse -isse
inessive		-s	-des -is
elative		-st	-dest -ist
allative		-le	-dele -ile
adessive		-l	-del -il
ablative		-lt	-delt -ilt
translative		-ks	-deks -iks
terminative		-ni	-deni
essive		-na	-dena
abessive		-ta	-deta
comitative		-ga	-dega

(music):

Declension of a (ÕS type 26i/idee, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		'	'd
accusative	nom.
	gen.	'
genitive			'de
partitive		'd	'id 'sid
illative		'sse	'desse 'isse
inessive		's	'des 'is
elative		'st	'dest 'ist
allative		'le	'dele 'ile
adessive		'l	'del 'il
ablative		'lt	'delt 'ilt
translative		'ks	'deks 'iks
terminative		'ni	'deni
essive		'na	'dena
abessive		'ta	'deta
comitative		'ga	'dega

Clipping of aga. Probably influenced by Russian а (a).

a

1. (colloquial, in fast speech) but

a

1. abbreviation of aasta
2. abbreviation of aar

• a in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
• “a”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

From Old Galician-Portuguese á, from Latin illa (“that”).

a f sg (plural as, masculine u or o, masculine plural us or os)

1. Feminine singular definite article; the
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

     A grandeda da lengua española é indiscotibli, i sei estudio, utilización defensa debin sel algo consostancial a nos, […]

     The greatness of the Spanish language is unquestionable, and its study, use and defense must be something consubstantial to us, […]

a

1. Third person singular feminine accusative pronoun; her

From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin ad (“to”).

a

1. to
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

     A grandeda da lengua española é indiscotibli, i sei estudio, utilización defensa debin sel algo consostancial a nos, […]

     The greatness of the Spanish language is unquestionable, and its study, use and defense must be something consubstantial to us, […]

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[9], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 36

From Latin a.

• IPA^(key): /ɛaː/
• Homophone: æ
• Rhymes: -ɛaː

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin script letters) bókstavur; Aa, Áá, Bb, Dd, Ðð, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Íí, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Óó, Pp, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Úú, Vv, Yy, Ýý, Ææ, Øø

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and a for information on the development of the glyph itself.

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Finnish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C C, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

German musical notation.

a

1. (music) A (note)

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

Inflection of a (Kotus type 18/maa) singular plural nominative a a:t genitive a:n a:iden a:itten partitive a:ta a:ita accusative a a:n a:t inessive a:ssa a:issa elative a:sta a:ista illative a:han a:ihin adessive a:lla a:illa ablative a:lta a:ilta allative a:lle a:ille essive a:na a:ina translative a:ksi a:iksi abessive a:tta a:itta instructive – a:in comitative – a:ineen

Inherited from Latin ad.

a (ORB)

1. to
2. at
3. of (possessive)

• a revêre

• Stich, Dominique (2003), “a”, in Dictionnaire francoprovençal/français, français/francoprovençal: Dictionnaire des mots de base du francoprovençal: Orthographe ORB supradialectale standardisée, Thonon-les-Bains: Éditions Le Carré: “a (sert parfois à la possession)”.

• IPA^(key): /a/

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

a m or f (plural as)

1. a, the name of the Latin-script letter A

• e dans l'a

Quebec eye-dialect spelling of elle.

• (CA) IPA^(key): /a/

a f

1. (Quebec, colloquial) alternative form of elle (“she”)

   C'te fille-là, a'a l'air cute.

   That girl, she looks cute.

From Old French a, at from Vulgar Latin *at, from Latin habet.

• (France) IPA^(key): /a/
• (CA) IPA^(key): /ɑ/, /ɔ/
• Homophones: à, as
• Rhymes: -a

a

1. third-person singular present indicative of avoir

   Elle a un chat.

   She has a cat.

   Il chouine tout le temps qu'il a mal aux chevilles.

   He whines all the time that his ankles hurt.

• à
• â

• “a”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

• (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Nd nd, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ

a

1. you (second person singular subject pronoun; short form)

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
• Used in all conjugations except the affirmative non-accomplished, where the long form is used instead.

• aɗa (second person singular subject pronoun; long form), hiɗa (variant used in the Pular dialect of Futa Jalon)
• aan (emphatic form) (Maasina)
• an (emphatic form) (Pular)
• maaɗa (second person singular possessive pronoun (Adamawa))
• -maa (second person singular dependent pronoun (Adamawa))

From Latin ad (“to, toward”).

• IPA^(key): /a/ [ɐ]
• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: a

a

1. to, toward; indicating direction of motion
2. introducing an indirect object
3. used to indicate the time of an action
4. (with de) to, until; used to indicate the end of a range

   de cinco a oito ― from five to eight

5. by, on, by means of; expresses a mode of action

   a pé ― on foot

6. for; indicates price or cost

The preposition a regularly forms contractions when it precedes the definite article o, a, os, and as. For example, a o ("to the") contracts to ao or ó, and a a ("to the") contracts to á.

at/to + the table

-	Singular	Plural
Masculine	ao (ó)	aos (ós)
Feminine	á	ás

From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin illa, feminine of ille (“that”).

• IPA^(key): /a̝/

a f (masculine singular o, feminine plural as, masculine plural os)

1. (definite) the

   A porta diu volta nos couzós.

   The door swung back in its sockets.

The definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con a (“with the”) contracts to coa, and en a (“in the”) contracts to na.

Also, the definite article presents a second form that could be represented as <-lo/-la/-los/-las>, or either lack any specific representation. Its origin is in the assimilation of the last consonant of words ended in -s or -r, due to sandhi, with the /l/ present in the article in pre-Galician-Portuguese period. So Vou comer o caldo or Vou come-lo caldo are representations of /ˈβowˈkomelo̝ˈkaldo̝/ ("I'm going to have my soup"). This phenomenon, rare in Portuguese, is already documented in 13th century Medieval Galician texts, as the Cantigas de Santa Maria.^[1]

• á
• coa
• da
• na

• IPA^(key): /ˈa/

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Galician alphabet, written in the Latin script.

a m (plural as)

1. The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

• (Latin-script letter names) letra; a, be, ce, de, e, efe, gue, hache, i, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, que, erre, ese, te, u, uve, xe, ceta / zeta
• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ï ï), L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o (Ó ó), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, X x, Z z

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

a

1. accusative of ela

Due to sandhi, the accusative form o (in all its forms) regularly changes to -lo after verbal forms ended in ⟨r⟩ or ⟨s⟩, and to -no after verbal forms ended in a semivowel:

• Eu apagueina 'I quenched it' < apaguei‿a
• Ti apagáchela 'You quenched it' < apagaches‿a
• El apagouna 'He quenched it' < apagou‿a
• Nós apagámola 'We quenched it' < apagamos‿a
• Temos de apagala 'We must quench it' < apagar‿a

• “a”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026
• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “a”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “a”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “a”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

• IPA^(key): /a/, /ä/
• Rhymes: -aː

a n (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the German alphabet, written in the Latin script.

a n (strong, genitive a or as, plural a or as) a n (strong, genitive a or as, plural a or as)

1. alternative form of A

The genitive and plural forms as are colloquial.

a

1. abbreviation of a-Moll
2. abbreviation of Ar

From Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

• IPA^(key): /a/

a

1. four

a

1. romanization of 𐌰

a

1. you (singular)

• 2010, Terry Crowley & Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics, fourth edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 142.

Cognates include Fon à.

• IPA^(key): /à/

à

1. you (second-person singular subject pronoun)

• IPA^(key): /a/

a

1. the, definite article

This term only follows words that end with an oral (non-nasal) consonant and an oral vowel in that order, and can only modify singular nouns.

• an
• la
• lan
• nan
• yo
• yon

• IPA^(key): /a/, [ə]

a

1. and (used between sentences)
2. until, up to

a

1. of, belonging to

• Used for acquired possessions, while o is used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars).

• a i ʻole
• a me

For pronunciation and definitions of a – see 阿. (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 阿).

See az.

• IPA^(key): [ɒ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒ

a (definite)

1. the

   a hölgy ― the lady

2. (before some time phrases) this

   a héten ― (during) this week

   a télen ― (in) this winter

Used before words starting with a consonant.

• az (for words starting with a vowel sound)

a (demonstrative)

2. (in reduplicated constructions formed with postpositions) that

   A mellett a ház mellett vártam rá. ― I waited for him/her next to that house.

a (demonstrative)

1. (rare, only in consonant-initial fixed phrases, with zero article) alternative form of az (“that”)

   Foglalja össze, miről szóltak az a heti beszédek és leckék.^[1] ― Summarize what that week’s sermons and lessons were about.

   November 12-én, az a havi frissítőkedden jelenhet meg. ― It may be released on November 12th, on the Patch Tuesday of that month.

   Kérjük szíves tájékoztatásukat a tekintetben, hogy… (= abban a tekintetben, see az) ― We kindly request your information in that [= the] aspect…

   amondó vagyok, hogy… ― I am of the opinion that…, what/all I can / want to say is that… (literally, “I am that-sayer/-saying…”)

• (letter or phoneme itself): IPA^(key): [ˈɒː]^[2]
• (identifier or musical note): IPA^(key): [ˈaː] (in the names of minor scales; see also A)

a (lower case, upper case A)

2. The first letter of the Hungarian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
3. (music) designation of the sixth note from C and the corresponding tone

• a-moll

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Zs zs

• a in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2021)
• Entries in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ISBN 9630535793
  • definite article; pronoun; determiner
  • speech sound; letter; first element; abbreviation
  • musical note and tone
  • interjection for displeasure, contradiction, surprise, disappointment, or pity and (dialectal) interjection for emphasis

• IPA^(key): /aː/
• Rhymes: -aː

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

a

1. The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

• (Latin-script letters) bókstafur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Ð ð, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Þ þ, Æ æ, Ö ö

• (context pronunciation, letter name) IPA^(key): /a/

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

a (plural a-i)

1. The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

• Latin script letter names: literi: a · be · ce · che · de · e · fe · ge · he · i · je · ke · le · me · ne · o · pe · que · re · se · she · te · u · ve · we · xe · ye · ze ^[edit]

a

1. apocopic form of ad

• e (“and”)
• o (“or”)

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Igbo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• e (neutral tongue position)

• (high-tone): IPA^(key): /á/
• (low-tone): IPA^(key): /à/

a

1. (indefinite) somebody, one, they, people (an unspecified individual).

   A gwara ya ka ọ bịa.

   He/she was told to come.

• Often gets translated into English with the passive voice.

• IPA^(key): /à/

a

1. this.

• ahụ

From Portuguese a.

• (Sri Lankan Creole) IPA^(key): /a/, /ə/

a

1. to
   • 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3 (overall work in German):

     […] , que da-cá su quião que ta pertencê a êll.

     […] , to give him his share which belongs to him.

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /a/ [a]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: a
• Homophones: A, à

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Indonesian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.
2. The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

• (Latin-script letters) huruf; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
• (Latin-script letter names) huruf; a, be, ce, de, e, ef, ge, ha, i, je, ka, el, em, en, o, pe, ki, er, es, te, u, ve, we, eks, ye, zet

• “a”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Borrowed from Russian а (a).

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈɑ/, [ˈɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈɑ/, [ˈɑ]
• (Hevaha) IPA^(key): /ˈɑ/, [ˈɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑ
• Hyphenation: a

a

1. and, but
   • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 17:

     A siä Jaakko, kuhu määt?

     And you Jaakko, where are you going?

   • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa) [Geography: textbook for Ingrian elementary school third grade (first part)], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:

     keskipäivääl hää [päivyt] on kaikkiin ylemmääl, a siis alkaa laskiissa.

     on midday it [the Sun] is highest, and then it starts to descend.

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 1
• Arvo Laanest (1997), Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 15

• IPA^(key): /a/

a

1. to, at
2. to, for (indicating purpose)

   sala a attender ― waiting room

• a in
• al

• IPA^(key): /a/

a

1. listen, hark
2. oops (used to acknowledge an error)
3. oh (used to express surprise)

• IPA^(key): /ə/

From Old Irish a, from Proto-Celtic *esyo (the final vowel triggering lenition), feminine Proto-Celtic *esyās (the final -s triggering h-prothesis), plural Proto-Celtic *ēsom (the final nasal triggering eclipsis), all from the genitive forms of Proto-Indo-European *éy. Cognate with Welsh ei.

a (triggers lenition)

1. his, its

   a athair agus a mháthair ― his father and mother

   Chaill an t-éan a chleití.

   The bird lost its feathers.

a (triggers h-prothesis)

1. her, its

   a hathair agus a máthair ― her father and mother

   Bhris an mheaig a heiteog.

   The magpie broke its wing.

a (triggers eclipsis)

1. their

   a n-athair agus a máthair ― their father and mother

   a dtithe ― their houses

   a n-ainmneacha ― their names

2. (Connacht) our
3. (Connacht) your (plural)

a (triggers lenition)

1. how (used with an abstract noun)

   A ghéire a labhair sí!

   How sharply she spoke!

   A fheabhas atá sé!

   How good it is!

A reduced form of older do (itself a reanalysis of do used in past tenses, and also present in early modern verbs like do-bheirim (“I give”), do-chím (“I see”)), or from the preverb a- in early modern verbs like a-tú (“I am”), a-deirim (“I say”) in relative clauses.

a (triggers lenition except of d’ and of past autonomous forms)

1. introduces a direct relative clause, takes the independent form of an irregular verb

   an fear a chuireann síol ― the man who sows seed

   an síol a chuireann an fear ― the seed that the man sows

   an síol a cuireadh ― the seed that was sown

   nuair a bhí mé óg ― when I was young

   an cat a d'ól an bainne ― the cat that drank the milk

• Gerald O’Nolan (1920), Studies in Modern Irish‎^[10], volume 1, pages 89, 93–94

From Old Irish a (“that, which the relative particle used after prepositions”), reanalyzed as an independent indirect relative particle from forms like ar a (“on which, on whom”), dá (“to which, to whom”), or early modern le a (“with which, with whom”), agá (“at which, at whom”) when prepositional pronouns started to be repeated in such clauses (eg. don té agá mbíon cloidheamh (…) aige, daoine agá mbíonn grádh aco do Dhia). Compare the forms used in Munster instead: go (from agá (“at which”)) and na (from i n-a (“in which”), go n-a (“with which”), ria n-a (“before which”) and later lena (“with which”), tréna (“through which”)).

a (triggers eclipsis, takes the dependent form of an irregular verb; not used in the past tense except with some irregular verbs)

1. introduces an indirect relative clause

   an bord a raibh leabhar air ― the table on which there was a book

   an fear a bhfuil a mhac ag imeacht ― the man whose son is going away

• ar (used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

a (triggers eclipsis, takes the dependent form of an irregular verb; not used in the past tense except with some irregular verbs)

1. all that, whatever

   Sin a bhfuil ann.

   That's all that is there.

   An bhfuair tú a raibh uait?

   Did you get all that you wanted?

   Íocfaidh mé as a gceannóidh tú.

   I will pay for whatever you buy.

• ar (used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

• Nicholas Williams (1994), “Na Canúintí a Theacht chun Solais”, in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, L. Breatnach, editors, Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do P[h]ádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish), Maynooth: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Phádraig, →ISBN, page 464: “Tháinig nós chun cinn sa 17ú haois freisin an réamhfhocal a dhúbláil: don té agá mbíonn cloidheamh..aige; daoine agá mbíonn grádh aco do Dhia (Ó Cuív, 1952b, 177), an tí ag a bhfuil a bheag do chuntabhairt aige (Williams, 1986, 155).”
• Gerald O’Nolan (1934), The New Era Grammar of Modern Irish, The Educational Company of Ireland Ltd., page 56

a (triggers lenition)

1. introduces a vocative

   A Dhia!

   O God!

   A dhuine uasail!

   Sir!

   Tar isteach, a Sheáin.

   Come in, Seán.

   A amadáin!

   You fool!

a (triggers h-prothesis)

1. introduces a numeral

   a haon, a dó, a trí... ― one, two, three...

   Séamas a Dó ― James the Second

   bus a seacht ― bus seven

Originally a reduced form of do.

a (plus dative, triggers lenition)

1. to (used with verbal nouns)

   síol a chur ― to sow seed

   uisce a ól ― to drink water

   an rud atá sé a scríobh ― what he is writing

   D’éirigh sé a chaint.

   He rose to speak.

   Téigh a chodladh.

   Go to sleep.

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “a”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 a (vocative particle)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 a (‘his, her, their’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 a (particle used before numerals)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “4 a (‘that which’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Isoko alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• E. O. Agbada et al, Vbuhrẹ Ụmụ́bọrá Isoko (Teach Yourself Isoko), first published 2008, revised edition 2017, pages 8, 10-11
• Onyerioma Isaac Itegolor, Isoko Wha Dooo...! Book 2 (Operation Speak Your Language), Revised Standard Edition (2015), page 1
• Joe Okedi, Abidi Isoko Na Kpobi, 2020

From Latin ad.

a

1. at
   • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:

     A poûpa, a prùa a xì doûto bandere,

     At the stern, at the bow everything is flags,

a

1. emphasises a verb; mandatory with impersonal verbs
   • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:

     A poûpa, a prùa a xì doûto bandere,

     At the stern, at the bow everything is flags,

• IPA^(key): /a/^*[1]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: a

From Latin ā (the name of the letter A).

a f or m (lower case, upper case A, invariable)

1. The first letter of the Italian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.

a f (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin script letter A/a.; a

• (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, i lunga, kappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon, zeta

From Latin ad. In a few phrases, a stems from Latin ā, ab.

a

1. Indicates the indirect object. to

   Porta questo cesto alla nonna.

   Bring this basket to grandma.

   Ai gatti piacciono i pesci.

   Cats like fish.

   (literally, “Fish are pleasable to cats.”)

   E lo chiedi a me?

   You're asking that to me?

2. Indicates the place, used in some contexts, in others in is used. in, to

   Andiamo a casa?

   Can we go home?

   (literally, “Can we go to home?”)

   Ora sto a Palermo, a Roma ci torno domani.

   I'm in Palermo now, I'll go back to Rome tomorrow.

3. Denotes the manner. by

   appena, a nuoto, a piedi, a caso ― almost, swimming, by foot, randomly

5. Forms adverbs meaning “in a manner related or resembling ~”.

   a cappella, a bestia, a braccio, a pennello, etc. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

6. Forms goodbye formulas from the time the persons will meet again. see you...

   A domani! ― Until tomorrow!

   A dopo! ― Until later!

   Al prossimo Natale! ― Until next Christmas!

7. Introduces the ingredients of a dish, perfume, etc. with

   pasta all'uovo ― pasta with eggs

   cornetto al cioccolato ― chocolate croissant

   shampoo al limone ― lemon shampoo

   patatine alla pizza ― pizza-flavoured crisps

8. (central-southern Italy) Denotes the direct object, but only if it is not preceded by articles

   Chiama a Paolo.

   Call Paolo.

   E non ci avevi visto a noi?

   And you didn't see us?

   the "us" here is repeated twice for emphasis

   Ascolti a me, signó!

   Listen to me, ma'am!

9. (followed by the definite article) Forms an interjection that gives an instruction or calls attention to something.

   Al ladro! ― Thief!

   Al fuoco! ― Fire!

   Al lupo! ― Wolf!

   All'attacco! ― Attack!

   All'arrembaggio! ― Assault! (yelled by pirates)

10. (regional) Forms continuous tense when preceded by stare and followed by verb infinitives. -ing. The standard language for this scope uses gerunds.

    che stai a di'? ― what are you saying?

    stavo a dormi' ― I was sleeping

11. Repeated indicates the amount by which something grows. by

    a due a due ― two by two; in pairs

    a poco a poco ― little by little

12. Indicates the agent of a verb in some contexts. by. Sometimes interchangeable with da.

    L'ho sentito dire a Livia.

    I heard Livia say it.

    (literally, “I heard it said by Livia.”)

    • c. 1909, Luigi Pirandello, chapter 2.3, in I vecchi e i giovani:

      Mi duole, creda, sinceramente, veder fare a un uomo come lei, per cui ho tanta stima, una figura... non bella, via! non bella.

      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• When followed by a word that begins with a vowel sound, the form ad can be used instead.
• When followed by the definite article, a combines with the article to produce the following combined forms:

a + article	Combined form
a + il	al
a + lo	allo
a + l'	all'
a + i	ai
a + gli	agli
a + la	alla
a + le	alle

• → Norwegian Bokmål: a (learned)

a

1. misspelling of ha

From Latin ac, alternative form of atque (“and, and also; as, then”).

a

1. Only used in the words for the numbers 17 (diciassette) and 19 (diciannove)

Compare French c'est. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

• IPA^(key): /a/

a

1. Indicates location: at, in, on.

   a mi yaad

   at my home

2. of

   Yunaitid Stiet a Amoerka

   United States of America

3. to

   Dem go a maakit. Mi a-go a skuul.

   They go to the market. I'm going to school.

a

1. to be

   Jumieka a wahn ailan konchri.

   Jamaica is an island country.

   Wi a api.

   We are happy.

   Mi a di tiicha.

   I am the teacher.

2. As a copulative verb:
   1. (with there, or it) to exist.

      A tuu apruoch tu Ort sayans.

      There are two approaches to Earth science.

3. As an auxiliary verb:
   1. Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect.

a

1. Habitual present tense marker.

   wan plies we dem a plie haki mach

   a place where they play hockey matches

2. Precedes a verb to mark the -ing form.
   • 1968, Beryl Loftman Bailey, Jamaican Creole Language Course: (for English Speaking Students):

     Jan sidong de a laaf.
     Sta Kiet op de-a baal

     John sat there laughing
     Sister Kate is up there crying

• a-go

• a at majstro.com
• A Learner’s Grammar of Jamaican, The Open Grammar Project

a

1. The hiragana syllable あ (a) or the katakana syllable ア (a) in Hepburn romanization.

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ʊ/, /ɑ/

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. A letter of the Jersey Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Kabuverdianu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• agi
• agini

a

1. this

   a rgaz a

   this man

From Sanskrit अहम् (ahám).

a (Arabic آ)

1. I (1st-person personal pronoun)

Borrowed from Tagalog a. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English a.

• (letter) IPA^(key): /ˈʔej/ [ˈʔei̯]
  • Rhymes: -ej
• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ʔa/ [ʔʌ]
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: a

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ey and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Possibly borrowed from Ilocano a.

• IPA^(key): /ʔa/ [ʔʌ]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: a

a

1. hey!; eh!

   Synonym: ay

• IPA^(key): /ʔa/ [ʔʌ]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: a

a

1. act of getting

   Synonym: ala

• IPA^(key): /ʔa/ [ʔʌ]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: a

a

1. indicates polite and/or persuasive emphasis (used at the end of sentences)

   Kamán kan adí pinikpík mo? Pinikpík ko a.

   How come it seems like you didn't pat him? I patted him, all right.

• Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016), Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎^[11] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11
• Morice Vanoverbergh (1933), “a”, in A Dictionary of Lepanto Igorot or Kankanay. As it is spoken at Bauco (Linguistische Anthropos-Bibliothek; XII)‎^[12], Mödling bei Wien, St. Gabriel, Österreich: Verlag der Internationalen Zeitschrift „Anthropos“, →OCLC, page 1
• Allen, Larry (2021), “a”, in Kankanaey – English Dictionary, Summer Institute of Linguistics
• Wallace, Judy (2018), “a”, in Northern Kankanay – English Dictionary, Summer Institute of Linguistics
• Janet L. Allen (2014), Kankanaey: A Role and Reference Grammar Analysis‎^[13] (overall work in English), →ISBN, page 164

From Proto-Austronesian *a₅ ^[1]. Compare Pangasinan a, Palauan a, Thao a.

a

1. connects adjectives to nouns

   Romantiku a bengi.

   A romantic night.

   Pinakapalsintan a tau.

   The person I love the most.

   Mayap a abak.

   Good morning.

   Mayap a bengi.

   Good night.

   Dakal a salamat.

   Thank you very much.

• IPA^(key): [a]

a

1. ah, aah

• Courtz, Hendrik (2008), A Carib grammar and dictionary‎^[14], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 213
• Yamada, Racquel-María (2010), “a”, in Speech community-based documentation, description, and revitalization: Kari’nja in Konomerume‎^[15], University of Oregon, page 707

• IPA^(key): /ˈa/
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: a

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and a for development of the glyph itself.

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Kashubian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, àã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a.

a

1. and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)

a n (indeclinable)

1. (music) a (note)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a.

a

1. interjection that expresses various emotions; ah!

• Stefan Ramułt (1893), “a”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 1
• Sychta, Bernard (1967), “a, a!”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 1
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “a”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[16], volume 1, page 9
• “A, a”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
• “a!”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. a the first letter of Kayan alphabet.

a

1. used for he, she, third person.

• IPA^(key): /aː/

a

1. masculine youth indicator

a

1. (interrogatory) indicator of a question

a

1. your

• Christenson, Allen J. (2003), Kʼicheʼ-English dictionary and Guide to the pronunciation of the Kʼicheʼ-Maya alphabet‎^[17], Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, →OCLC, page 7

a

1. you (singular)

• Terry Crowley, Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics

• IPA^(key): /a/

a m

1. pig

   Nana a doma.

   I shot your pig.

• Donohue, Mark and San Roque, Lila. I'saka: a sketch grammar of a language of north-central New Guinea. (Pacific Linguistics, 554.) (2004).

From Latin a.

• IPA^(key): /a/

a

1. in
2. at
3. to

• al
• ala
• ai
• ales

Inherited from Old Spanish a (“unto”), from Latin ad (“to”).

a (Hebrew spelling אה)^[1]

1. to (unto)
   • 2019, Aki Yerushalayim:

     Era imposible de tornar atrás a los tiempos onde se eskrivia ladino kon letras ebreas.

     It was impossible to go back to when we wrote Ladino with Hebrew letters.

2. at (on)
   • 1940, La boz de Türkiye‎^[18], numbers 11–34, page 78:

     La ciudad de Bursa es fraguada en amphitheatre a los pies del Olympe (Oulou Dağ) y abrasa una vaste y magnifica valle con un hermoso panorama.

     The city of Bursa has constructed an amphitheatre at the feet of Olympus and embraces a vast and wonderful valley with a beautiful panorama.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

a (Hebrew spelling אה)^[1]

1. what? yes? what is it?
2. ugh!
   • 2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar‎^[19], page 119:

     Alberto kontinuó a menear la kavesa en sinyo de dezaprovasión, sospirando: "A, komo se puede ser ansí!…"

     Albert kept shaking his head as a sign of disapproval, sighing, ‘Ugh, how can it be like this…!’

Ultimately from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. The source is not clear:

• Probably borrowed from a Slavic language (compare Russian а (a) and Belarusian а (a)).
• Alternatively, irregularly shortened from *ā, inherited from *ō.

Compare Lithuanian o.

• IPA^(key): [ˈa]
• Hyphenation: a

a f

1. and, but

• A. Andronov; L. Leikuma (2008), Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈaː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈaː]

ā (+ ablative)

1. apocopic form of ab

Not used before a vowel or h.

• a lacte cunisque

• Italian: a
• → Norwegian Bokmål: a (learned)
• → Norwegian Nynorsk: a (learned)

From Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), likely through Etruscan.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈaː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈaː]

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. (sometimes with littera) the first letter of the Latin alphabet.

   littera a ― the letter a

From Etruscan.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈaː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈaː]

ā f sg (indeclinable, no genitive)

1. The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32
  Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū — each, again, with a long vowel sound.

Expressive.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈaː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈaː]

ā

1. ah

• “a”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “a”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “a”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• a, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

• IPA^(key): [a]

• Audio:

  (file)

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Latvian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latvian letters) latviešu burti; Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž

a m (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

• (Latvian letter names) latviešu burtu vārdi; a, garais ā, bē, cē, čē, dē, e, garais ē, ef, gā, ģē, hā, i, garais ī, jē, kā, ķē, el, eļ, em, en, eņ, o, pē, er, es, eš, tē, u, garais ū, vē, zē, žē

• a on the Latvian Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^lv

a

1. Latin spelling of ა (a)

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Laz alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) burts; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, Ç̌ ç̌, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, İ i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, P̌ p̌, Q q, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, Ť ť, U u, V v, X x, Y y, Z z, Ž ž, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ

a

1. Latin spelling of ა (a)

• IPA^(key): /a/

a f sg (plural e)

1. the

From Latin ad.

a

1. in
2. at
3. to

   Vàddo a câza. ― I'm going home. (literally, “I go to home.”)

4. indicates the direct object, mainly to avoid confusion when it, the subject, or both are displaced, or for emphasis

   A mæ seu ghe fa mâ 'n bràsso. ― My sister's arm hurts. (literally, “To my sister an arm hurts.”)

a + article	Combined form
a + o	a-o
a + a	a-a
a + i	a-i
a + e	a-e

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ɑ/

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) kēratē’ḑ; A a, Ā ā, Ä ä, Ǟ ǟ, B b, D d, Ḑ ḑ, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, Ȯ ȯ, Ȱ ȱ, Õ õ, Ȭ ȭ, P p, R r, Ŗ ŗ, S s, Š š, T t, Ț ț, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

From French avoir (“to have”).

a

1. to have

• IPA^(key): /a/

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The first letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.
2. The name of the Latin script letter a/A.

a

1. and

• (Latin-script letters) pismik; A a, B b, C c, Č č, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ě ě, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, J j, K k, Ł ł, L l, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o (Ó ó), P p, R r, Ŕ ŕ, S s, Š š, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ž ž, Ź ź
• (obsolete letters) B́ b́, Ė ė, Ḿ ḿ, Ṕ ṕ, ſ, ß, Ꞩ ẜ, Ẃ ẃ
• (Latin-script letter names) a, bej, cej, čet, ćej, dej, ej, ět, ef, gej, ha, cha, i, jot, ka, eł, el, em, en, ejn, o, pej, er, ejŕ, es, eš, śej, tej, u, wej, y, zet, žet, źej

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “a”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999), “a”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

a (lower case, upper case A)

1. The second letter of the Lushootseed alphabet, written in the Latin script, pronounced as an open back unrounded vowel.

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