-na

-na

1. (Mid-Ulster) -n't
   • 1892, William Carleton, Amusing Irish Tales:

     Balgruntie wasna that—

2. (slang, on a verb) -ing to (with infinitive); indicates the grammatical present continuous active mood

   I'm tryna (trying to) figure this one out.

• A/N, An, an', -an, an, AN, an-, a(n)

Related to unë (“I”) and maybe further to ne (“we”).

• (Gheg) IPA^(key): /na/

-na

1. Gheg form of -em, the mediopassive first-person singular indicative present ending.

   bëhem / bâhna (“to become, turn into”)

   zbehem / zbehna (“to turn pale”)

2. Gheg form of -mi, the active first-person plural indicative present ending.

   (ne) kena shumë punë për me bo.

   we have much work to do

-na

1. possessive marker

-na

1. third person plural patient marker

• Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN), page 398

Inherited from Old Czech -na, from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.

• IPA^(key): [ na]

-na f (noun-forming suffix)

1. from nouns forms nouns referring to places

   ‎prodej + ‎-na → ‎prodejna

• -na in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

-na

1. Forms the essive case.

• The suffix is appended to the genitive stem or an appropriate plural stem.

From Proto-Finnic *-na, from the Proto-Uralic locative case ending *-na.

-na (front vowel harmony variant -nä, linguistic notation -nA)

1. Forms the essive case.

   eräänä kauniina aamuna ― on a beautiful morning

   Ennen pidit minua kauniina.

   You used to think I was beautiful.

• The suffix is appended to the same stem as the illative suffixes, and also the partitive singular often uses the same stem.
• See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the essive case is used.

From Proto-Finnic *-na, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-na.

-na (front vowel harmony variant -nä, linguistic notation -nA)

1. Forms action nouns from certain verbs, mainly related to sound, whose first infinitive ends in -sta.

   ‎kutista (“to itch”) + ‎-na → ‎kutina (“itching”)

2. Forms some diminutive nouns.

• -ina (reanalyzed into its own suffix)

• -an

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

-na

1. (inflectional suffix) forms the dative case
2. reason

   Maina na·a rel gariko sraprikjaha?

   For what reason did you not catch the train?

• -ni (“forms genitive”)
• -ko (“forms accusative”)
• -chi (“forms instrumental”)
• -no (“forms locative”)

• IPA^(key): /na/

-na

1. a locative suffix

   ‎hama (3rd person masculine singular proximal pronoun) + ‎-na → ‎hamana (“here”)

   ‎bee (3rd person feminine plural given pronoun) + ‎-na → ‎beena (“there”)

   ‎himiggê (3rd person masculine singular invisible pronoun) + ‎-na → ‎himiggêna (“in/behind there”)

• -kana

From Proto-Polynesian *-ŋa.

• IPA^(key): /na/, [nə]

-na

1. Common nominalizing suffix, sometimes with shortening of a long vowel in the base.

   ‎ʻai (“to eat”) + ‎-na → ‎ʻaina (“meal”)

   ‎piʻi (“to climb”) + ‎-na → ‎piʻina (“ascent”)

• IPA^(key): [nɒ]

-na

1. (conditional suffix) Forms the third-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).

   ‎olvas (“to read”) + ‎-na → ‎olvasna (“he/she would read”)

• (conditional suffix) Variants:

  -na is added to most back vowel verbs

  ‎vár (“to wait”) + ‎-na → ‎várna (“he/she would wait”)

  -ne is added to most front vowel verbs

  ‎kér (“to ask”) + ‎-ne → ‎kérne (“he/she would ask”)

  -ana is added to back vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t (exceptions: áll, száll, varr, forr, lát)

  ‎mond (“to say something”) + ‎-ana → ‎mondana (“he/she would say something”)

  ‎tanít (“to teach”) + ‎-ana → ‎tanítana (“he/she would teach”)

  -ene is added to front vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t

  ‎fest (“to paint”) + ‎-ene → ‎festene (“he/she would paint”)

  ‎segít (“to help”) + ‎-ene → ‎segítene (“he/she would help”)

• Category:Hungarian verb forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.

• IPA^(key): /na/

-na (pronoun-forming suffix)

1. Third-person singular ergative enclitic pronoun; he, she, it

   Kayatna ti mangan. ― He/she/it wants to eat.

2. Third-person singular possessive marker; his, her, its

   Naimas ti makanna. ― His/her/its food is delicious.

3. Fossilized enclitic of some adverbials or auxiliary verbs

   Rebbengna nga addaka ditoy. ― You should be here.

   Kasla nga awan inggana ti utangna. ― His/her debt seems to be endless.

4. Referential pronoun used in existential or relative clauses; the (adjective) (ones), those who, the ones who

   Tulongantayo dagiti awan balayna. ― Let's help the homeless. (Let's help those who do not have homes.)

   Naupay uray dagiti napigsa ti pakinakemna. ― Even the strong-willed (ones) became disheartened.

From Proto-Finnic *-na. Cognates include Finnish -na.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-nɑ/, [-nɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-nɑ/, [-nɑ]

-na (front vowel variant -nä)

1. Used to form place names.
2. Used to form action nouns from certain verbs related to sounds: -ing
3. Used to form nouns that resembles a smaller version of the suffixed noun: -y

Declension of -na (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	-na	-nat
genitive	-nan	-nniin
partitive	-nnaa	-nnia
illative	-nnaa	-nnii
inessive	-nas	-nis
elative	-nast	-nist
allative	-nalle	-nille
adessive	-nal	-nil
ablative	-nalt	-nilt
translative	-naks	-niks
essive	-nanna, -nnaan	-ninna, -nniin
exessive1)	-nant	-nint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• IPA^(key): /n̪ˠə/, /nˠə/

-na

1. alternative form of -ne (used after velarized consonants and back vowels)

-na

1. Rōmaji transcription of な

-na

1. third person singular genitive enclitic

-na

1. third person singular subject enclitic
2. third person singular possessive enclitic

-na

1. Latin spelling of -ნა (-na)

From Proto-Athabaskan *-neˑ, seen in the noun *dəneˑ (“person”). Compare Ahtna -ne.

• IPA^(key): /næ/

-na

1. person, people; the ones who
2. Forms numerals referring to plural people

• -i
• -enh

• Kari, James et al. (2024), Kari, James, editor, Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 300

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nia, from Proto-Austronesian *nia. Compare Indonesian -nya, which also has similar function.

• IPA^(key): /na/

-na

1. the (definite article)
2. his, her, its (third-person possessive)
3. 's (pertensive)

   bukuna Siti

   Siti's book (lit. "Siti his book")

• When suffixed to consonant-final words, it is then assimilated to that consonant.
  • labâng (“door”) → labângnga
• When suffixed to word ending in unvoiced stops (p, t, k), the assimilated consonants either become aspirated (bbh, ddh, ggh) or being retained by some speakers (pp, tt, kk). As a rule, -a following voiced consonants become -â.
  • kothak (“box”) → kothagghâ, kothakka

• Davies, W. D. (2010), A Grammar of Madurese‎^[1], Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton

• -nna

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nia, from Proto-Austronesian *nia.

• IPA^(key): [na]

-na (possessive suffix, Lontara spelling ᨊ)

1. his, her, its, their (third person singular and plural)

From Arabic ـنَا (-nā).

• IPA^(key): /na/

-na m or f

2. 1st-person plural pronominal suffix: our; us

   Synonym: (only in possessive use) tagħna

   ‎jinsa (“he forgets”) + ‎-na → ‎jinsiena (“he forgets us”)

   ‎dar (“home”) + ‎-na → ‎darna (“our home”)

-na

1. Used in contractions with particles of possession of third person pronouns.
2. a passive ending

-na

1. Nominalizes verbs and adjectives.

This suffix attaches to the stem II form of a verb or adjective if it is distinct from the stem I form.

• IPA^(key): [-na]

Cognates include Minica Huitoto -na and Nüpode Huitoto -na.

-na

1. Classifier for trees.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

-na

1. Marker for the accusative case.

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

-na

1. alternative form of -a

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

-na

1. hypothetical conditional of -de

• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017), A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎^[2], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), pages 197, 134

-na (accusative case suffix)

2. Forms the accusative case for words containing at least one dominant vowel.

• IPA^(key): /nɑ/

-na

1. imperative singular of -nian

From Proto-Germanic *-inōną.

-na

1. used to form inchoative verbs from adjectives or strong verbs

From Proto-Germanic *-anǫ̂ and *-ōnǫ̂, genitive plural endings of weak neuter and feminine nouns.

-na

1. used to form the genitive plural of some weak feminine and neuter nouns

   hjarta → hjartna

   saga → sagna

• Icelandic: -na
• Old Swedish: -na

-na

1. inflection of -inn (adjective suffix):
   1. positive degree strong feminine accusative singular
   2. positive degree strong masculine accusative plural
   3. positive degree weak masculine oblique singular
   4. positive degree weak feminine nominative singular
   5. positive degree weak neuter singular
2. inflection of -inn (participle suffix):
   1. strong feminine accusative singular
   2. strong masculine accusative plural
   3. weak masculine oblique singular
   4. weak feminine nominative singular
   5. weak neuter singular
3. inflection of -inn (definite article suffix):
   1. feminine accusative singular
   2. masculine accusative plural

Derived from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /naː/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /nɒ/

-na f

1. forms feminine adjective-like nouns

Inherited from Old Polish -na.

• IPA^(key): /na/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: -na
• Homophone: na

-na f

1. forms feminine adjective-like nouns -ess

   Synonym: -ka

   ‎arcyksiążę + ‎-na → ‎arcyksiężna

2. forms feminine adjective-like nouns meaning "wife of"

   Synonym: -owa

   ‎arcyksiążę + ‎-na → ‎arcyksiężna

Not to be confused with -ña

-na

1. Nominalizer, future perfect participle.

   ‎llamk'ay (“to work”) + ‎-na → ‎llamk'ana (“work to be done; tool”)

   ‎mikhuy (“to eat”) + ‎-na → ‎mikhuna (“food, meal”)

• -spa
• -sqa

• -nae

• IPA^(key): /-nə/, /-nɪ/

-na

1. -n't

   didna ("did not")

   canna ("can not")

   daurna ("dare not")

   michtna ("might not")

• -Na — honorific
• -ana
• -nana

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a. Compare Indonesian -nya

-na (Sundanese script -ᮔ)

1. Possessive third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun

   indungna ― his mother

2. (by extension)
   1. (in some contexts and positions only) Used to mark definiteness.

      jalanna beresih ― the road is clean (literally, “its road (is) clean”)

   2. Used to mark possessive, especially in some context where it needs to be clear.

      bukuna Nénéng ― Neneng's book (literally, “book of Neneng”)

   3. Uses to nominalize an adjective.

      paéhna sato ― the death of an animal (paéh means 'dead')

   4. (sometimes colloquial in some contexts) Uses to nominalize an active verb.

      tong asa-asa daharna ― don't hesitate to eat it.

• "NA", in Coolsma, S (1913), Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek (in Dutch), Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff's Uitgeversmaatschappij

From the plural of Old Norse hinn (demonstrative pronoun), suffixed to the end of the noun stem. Usually corresponds to Danish, Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk -ne.

• -a (used for fourth-declension nouns)
• -en (used for fifth-declension nouns not ending in -are)
• -ne (archaic, masculine)

-na

1. Marker of definiteness on nouns in the plural (except for nouns of the fourth and some of the fifth declension).

   ‎stolar (“chairs”) + ‎-na → ‎stolarna (“the chairs”)

   ‎lärare (“teachers”) + ‎-na → ‎lärarna (“the teachers”)

• In earlier Swedish, the suffix -na was only used for feminine nouns, while -ne was used for masculine nouns, thus "stenarne" (definite of stenar) and "kvinnorna" (definite of kvinnor) were used alongside each other. In attempts to try to produce archaic language, the suffix is sometimes changed to -ne in all positions, producing historically incorrect forms like "kvinnorne".

From Old Norse -na, from Proto-Germanic *-naną.

-na

1. -en; Used with some adjectives or verbal stems to form inchoative verbs

   ‎trött (“tired”) + ‎-na → ‎tröttna (“to tiren, become tired”)

Inchoative verb

The suffix -na may be analysed as two morphemes (-n (inchoative verb stem) + -a (infinitive)). Traditionally the a's near the ends of the Swedish first declension verb forms have been regarded as part of the suffixes, but nowadays it is more common to see it described as part of the stems of these verbs, since all endings not beginning with an a are extinct or considered heavily archaic.

• -an, an, an-

-na

1. Singular number inflection. (See also: -ną, -nemą, -ne.)

From Proto-Oceanic *-ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-nia, from Proto-Austronesian *-nia.

• IPA^(key): /na/

-na

1. A third-person singular possessive suffix.

• Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365

-na

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.