ʼ

ʼ U+02BC, ʼ MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE ← ʻ [U+02BB] Spacing Modifier Letters ʽ → [U+02BD]

In IPA usage, the ejective mark always modifies a letter. It may be typeset larger than an apostrophe, as here.

Use for glottal stop derives from the apostrophe, for example in Hawaiian (now replaced by the okina to distinguish it from an actual apostrophe).

Use to mark ejective consonants started with transliteration of Georgian script; it was an adaptation of the spiritus lenis and contrasted with the spiritus asper used to mark aspirated consonants, as the most salient distinctive feature of Georgian ejectives was that they were not aspirated. Usage extended from there to other languages with ejective consonants.

ʼ

1. (IPA) an ejective consonant

   e.g. [kʼ], [tʼ], [sʼ].

2. (UPA) glottal closure:

   E.g. kʼ is k with simultaneous glottal closure.

   mⁱeʼr or mⁱe̓r with a glottalized vowel.

   ʼeppä ʼollu with epenthetic glottal stops separating the vowels.

3. transliteration of Semitic glottal stop (aleph and hamza).

   Synonym: ʾ

Americanist phonetic notation may instead use a combining diacritic ⟨◌̓⟩ for ejective consonants.

Letters/digraphs that contain ⟨ʼ⟩:

• vowels: aʼ, eʼ, iʼ, oʼ, uʼ
• sonorants: lʼ, mʼ, nʼ, wʼ, yʼ
• plosives: bʼ, pʼ, tʼ, ʈʼ, cʼ, kʼ, kyʼ, kwʼ, ḵʼ, ḵwʼ, kpʼ, qʼ, qʼu
• affricates: cʼ, chʼ, chwʼ, čʼ, djʼ, dsʼ, tsʼ, ʈʂʼ, tjʼ, tlʼ, tłʼ, txʼ, tẍʼ, tgʼ, tyʼ, tzʼ
• fricatives: sʼ, ʂʼ, šʼ, xʼ, ȟʼ
• clicks: ʘʼ, ǀʼ, ǀʼh, cʼ, cʼh, cgʼ, dcgʼ, ǁʼ, ǁʼh, xʼ, xʼh, xgʼ, dxgʼ, ǃʼ, ǃʼh, qʼh, qgʼ, dqgʼ, 𝼊ʼ, ‼ʼ, ǂʼ, ǂʼh, çʼ, çʼh, çgʼ, dçgʼ
• ʼb, ʼd, ʼg, ʼgh, ʼhg, ʼl, ʼm, ʼn, ʼw, ʼy

• Modifier letter apostrophe on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

• IPA^(key): /ʡ/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Amis alphabet.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, C c, D d, E e, F f, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ng ng, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, ʼ, ^

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Atayal alphabet.

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Avokaya alphabet.

ʼ (ʼ)

1. High tone on a short vowel /ɔ/, as in बरʼ /bɔrɔ́/ 'Bodo'.

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Bunun alphabet.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, H h, I i, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ng ng, P p, Q q, S s, T t, U u, V v, Z z, ʼ

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ

1. alternative form of ˀ

ʼ (no case)

1. The first letter of the Chamorro alphabet, used for the glottal stop.

• ˀ, ^

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Chiwere alphabet, written in the Latin script.

ʼ (ʼ)

1. The thirty-seventh letter of the Chukchi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Ӄ ӄ, Л л, Ԓ ԓ, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, ʼ ʼ

ʼ (ʼ)

1. Low rising tone on a short vowel /ə ɪ ʊ/, e.g. लʼत्त /lə̌tː/ 'leg'.

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Kanakanavu alphabet.

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Kavalan alphabet.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, D d, E e, H h, I i, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ng ng, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, ʼ

ʼ (no case)

1. (obsolete) the lateral clicks, modern ⟨ǁ⟩. (Besides plain ⟨ʼ⟩, it is also used for the lateral click consonants ⟨ʼk ʼg ʼn ʼh ʼkh⟩.)

   See also ·, ꞉, ʻ.

• Capital Һ (H), lower-case һ (h).

• IPA^(key): /ʰ/

ʼ (no case)

1. The eleventh letter of the Kildin Sami Cyrillic alphabet

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, А̄ а̄, Ӓ ӓ, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Е̄ е̄, Ё ё, Ё̄ ё̄, Ж ж, З з, Һ һ, ʼ, И и, Ӣ ӣ, Й й, Ј ј, Ҋ ҋ, К к, Л л, Ӆ ӆ, М м, Ӎ ӎ, Н н, Ӊ ӊ, Ӈ ӈ, О о, О̄ о̄, П п, Р р, Ҏ ҏ, С с, Т т, У у, Ӯ ӯ, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Ҍ ҍ, Э э, Э̄ э̄, Ӭ ӭ, Ю ю, Ю̄ ю̄, Я я, Я̄ я̄

• ʔ in Liqʼwala dialect

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Kwak'wala alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• Uʼmista
• (Latin-script letters) A a, A̱ a̱, B b, D d, Dł dł, Dz dz, E e, G g, Gw gw, G̱ g̱, G̱w g̱w, H h, I i, K k, Kw kw, K̓ k̓, K̓w k̓w, Ḵ ḵ, Ḵw ḵw, Ḵ̓ ḵ̓, Ḵ̓w ḵ̓w, L l, ʼL ʼl, Ł ł, M m, ʼM ʼm, N n, ʼN ʼn, O o, P p, P̓ p̓, S s, T t, T̓ t̓, Tł tł, T̓ł t̓ł, Ts ts, T̓s t̓s, U u, W w, ʼW ʼw, X x, Xw xw, X̱ x̱, X̱w x̱w, Y y, ʼY ʼy, ʼ

• Liq̓ʷala
• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ə ə, B b, D d, Ꟛ ꟛ, Dᶻ dᶻ, E e, G g, Gʷ gʷ, Ǧ ǧ, Ǧʷ ǧʷ, H h, I i, K k, Kʷ kʷ, K̓ k̓, K̓ʷ k̓ʷ, Q q, Qʷ qʷ, Q̓ q̓, Q̓ʷ q̓ʷ, L l, L̓ l̓, Ł ł, M m, M̓ m̓, N n, N̓ n̓, O o, P p, P̓ p̓, S s, T t, T̓ t̓, Ƛ ƛ, Ƛ̓ ƛ̓, C c, C̓ c̓, U u, W w, W̓ w̓, X x, Xʷ xʷ, X̌ x̌, X̌ʷ x̌ʷ, Y y, Y̓ y̓, ʔ

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Lakota alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á), Aŋ aŋ (Áŋ áŋ), B b, Č č, Čh čh, Čʼ čʼ, E e (É é), G g, Ǧ ǧ, H h, Ȟ ȟ, Ȟʼ ȟʼ, I i (Í í), Iŋ iŋ (Íŋ íŋ), K k, Kh kh, Kȟ kȟ, Kʼ kʼ, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó), P p, Ph ph, Pȟ pȟ, Pʼ pʼ, S s, Sʼ sʼ, Š š, Šʼ šʼ, T t, Th th, Tȟ tȟ, Tʼ tʼ, U u (Ú ú), Uŋ uŋ (Úŋ úŋ), W w, Y y, Z z, Ž ž, ʼ

ʼ (no case)

1. High lexical tone with a final plosive consonant.

A final glottal stop is unwritten. Thus /a/ with a final plosive and high tone is written abʼ adʼ agʼ aʼ for [áp át ák áʔ]. High tone is written ⟨ˮ⟩ with a final vowel or nasal.

ʼ

1. The forty-seventh letter of the Lisu alphabet.

• Used to indicate nasalisation and is combined with tone marks.

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ

1. A letter of the Mam alphabet.

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ

1. The nineteenth letter of the Navajo alphabet. It is used before or after a vowel to indicate a glottal stop.

Every Navajo word begins with either the glottal stop or another consonant. If an orthographic vowel begins a word, it is pronounced with a glottal stop: ooljééʼ (sometimes spelled ʼooljééʼ).

⟨ʼ⟩ forms the following Navajo letters: chʼ, kʼ, tʼ, tłʼ, tsʼ.

• saad niyíłtłáádígíí
• Appendix:Navajo alphabet

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the O'odham alphabet, written in the Latin script.

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Paiwan alphabet.

ʼ (no case)

1. The thirty-third letter of the Guarani alphabet, called puso, used for the glottal stop.

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Pilagá alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B̶ b̶, Č č, D d, E e, G g, ꟎ ꟏, H h, I i, K k, L l, Ꟛ ꟛ, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, S s, T t, W w, Y y, ʼ

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Saaroa alphabet.

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Saisiyat alphabet.

• IPA^(key): /ʡ/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Sakizaya alphabet.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, H h, I i, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ng ng, P p, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, ʼ

• ´

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Seneca alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ʔ/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /alef/

ʼ (no case)

1. The first letter of the Somali alphabet, called alef and written in the Latin script.

• This is the first letter of the Somali alphabet, which follows Arabic abjad order. It is followed by B. It is rarely used in the initial position.

• (Latin-script letters) ʼ, B b, T t, J j, X x, Kh kh, D d, R r, S s, Sh sh, Dh dh, C c, G g, F f, Q q, K k, L l, M m, N n, W w, H h, Y y, A a, E e, I i, O o, U u

ʼ (no case)

1. The forty-eighth letter of the Tabasaran alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Аь аь, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Гь гь, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Къ къ, Кь кь, Кӏ кӏ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Уь уь, Ф ф, Х х, Хъ хъ, Хь хь, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чӏ чӏ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, ӏ ӏ, ʼ

• ⟨ʻ⟩

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ʔ/
• (letter) IPA^(key): /ʔeta/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Tahitian alphabet, the ʻeta.

All Tahitian lemmas on Wiktionary use the ʻokina ⟨ʻ⟩ as the Unicode character for this letter, but Tahitian Wikipedia uses this form.

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Thao alphabet.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, F f, H h, I i, K k, L l, Lh lh, M m, N n, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, ʼ

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Tsou alphabet.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, E e, F f, H h, I i, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ng ng, O o, P p, S s, T t, U u, Ʉ ʉ, V v, Y y, Z z, ʼ

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. The thirty-fifth letter of the Tundra Nenets alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Marks instances of the glottal stop /ʔ/ that alternate with nasal consonants н (n°) /n/, ӈ (ŋ°) /ŋ/ in inflection, in contrast with the letter ˮ. Often transcribed h in scholarly works.

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, ʼ, ˮ