-ina

-ina

1. (taxonomy) Used to form names of subtribes of animals
2. (taxonomy) Used to form names of suborders of animals
3. (taxonomy) Used to form names of taxa subordinate to the higher rank from which they are derived
4. (taxonomy) Used to form names of genera from other genera indicating a smaller size of organism

From Italian -ina and its etymon Classical Latin -īna. In some instances perhaps also partly via Spanish -ina.^[1]

-ina

1. Alternative form of -ine (forming feminine nouns).
   • 1915 May, Wilhelm Boelsche, translated by Rheamars Dredenov, “The Love Adventures of the Spider”, in Charles H[ope] Kerr, editor, The International Socialist Review, volume XV, number 11, Chicago, Ill.: Charles H. Kerr & Company, page 659, column 2:

     Here are the male spider and the female spider (which shall be named “spiderina” in this article), both of the species of the garden spider. The former is only two-thirds of the size of Miss Spiderina.

   • 2015, Jim Benton, “Thursday 12”, in Live Each Day to the Dumbest (Dear Dumb Diary: Year Two), New York, N.Y.: Scholastic Inc., →ISBN:

     I HAVE PROBABLY INVENTED THE PROFESSION OF LAWYERINA

   • 2017, Fuse, translated by Kevin Gifford, That Time I Got Reincarnated as a Slime‎^[1], volume 1, New York, N.Y.: Yen Press, LLC, →ISBN:

     Gobta and his attackers turned around to find a goblina staring them down—a fighter, judging by her muddy red hair. […] Hobgoblins of either gender were high-level creatures capable of language, far more intelligent than their goblin relatives.

2. Used to form names of musical instruments.

-ina f

1. -y (forming diminutives of feminine nouns)

• -ín

-ina f

1. feminine singular of -í

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ines)

1. forms diminutives

   ‎joc m (“game”) + ‎-ina → ‎joguina f (“toy”)

   ‎mantell m (“cloak”) + ‎-ina → ‎mantellina f (“mantilla”)

2. forms names of plants, animals, tools, and other nouns related to a base noun or verb

   ‎taronja (“orange”) + ‎-ina → ‎taronjina (“orange blossom”)

   ‎sang (“blood”) + ‎-ina → ‎sanguina (“blood orange”)

   ‎moltó (“wether (castrated ram)”) + ‎-ina → ‎moltonina (“sheepskin”)

   ‎escopir (“to spit”) + ‎-ina → ‎escopina (“spit, saliva”)

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ines)

1. -ine (used to form names of chemical substances)

• “-ina”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “-ina” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

Inherited from Old Czech -ina, from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

• IPA^(key): [ ɪna]
• Rhymes: -ɪna

-ina f (noun-forming suffix)

1. noun forming suffix

   ‎pustý + ‎-ina → ‎pustina

   ‎list + ‎-ina → ‎listina

   ‎kráva + ‎-ina → ‎kravina

• Substantiva tvořená příponou -ina, Naše řeč (1938)
• -ina in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

-ina (front vowel harmony variant -inä, linguistic notation -inA)

1. alternative form of -na (suffix deriving nouns from verbs)

Borrowed from Spanish -ina.

• IPA^(key): /ˈina/

-ina

1. used to form some female names

   ‎Devi + ‎-ina → ‎Devina

   ‎Karen + ‎-ina → ‎Karenina

Some names already have this ending and do not derived with this suffix, for example Safina (from Arabic سَفِينة (safīna, “ship”)) or Sabrina (from Arabic صَابْرِينَا (ṣābrīnā), ultimately from English).

Borrowed from English -ine, French -ine, Italian -ina, Portuguese -ina/Spanish -ina, all ultimately from Latin -īna.

• IPA^(key): /ˈina/

1=n

-ina

1. (chemistry) forms nouns from nouns, denoting a technical term for a substance; container

   ‎caseo (“cheese”) + ‎-ina → ‎caseina (“caseine”)

   ‎globulo (“globule”) + ‎-ina → ‎globulino (“globuline”)

   ‎vacca (“cow”) + ‎-ina → ‎vaccina (“vaccine”)

• Alexander Gode; Hugh E. Blair (1955), Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language, →ISBN

• -lina

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.na/
• Rhymes: -ina
• Hyphenation: -ì‧na

From Latin -īna.

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ine)

1. inflectional suffix used to form diminutives of feminine nouns

   ‎mano (“hand”) + ‎-ina → ‎manina (“small hand”)

   ‎coperta (“blanket”) + ‎-ina → ‎copertina (“cover”)

2. used to form the feminine of masculine nouns and given names

   ‎eroe (“hero”) + ‎-ina → ‎eroina (“heroine”)

   ‎Giuseppe + ‎-ina → ‎Giuseppina

3. used to form collective numerals

   ‎cinquanta (“fifty”) + ‎-ina → ‎cinquantina (“a total of about fifty”)

4. used to derive nouns denoting a profession

   ‎Croce Rossa (“Red Cross”) + ‎-ina → ‎crocerossina (“Red Cross nurse”)

5. used to derive nouns denoting an ethnic or geographical origin

   ‎Alessandria (“Alessandria; Alexandria”) + ‎-ina → ‎alessandrina (“female native or inhabitant of Alessandria or Alexandria”)

6. used to derive adjectives denoting composition, color or other qualities

-ina f (non-lemma form of adjective-forming suffix)

1. feminine singular of -ino (suffix forming relational adjectives and demonyms)

   ‎smeraldo (“emerald”) + ‎-ina → ‎smeraldina (“emerald (relational; feminine singular); emerald green (feminine singular)”)

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ine)

1. (chemistry) used to form names of chemical substances; -ine

• -etta
• -uccia

• ain, ani

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈiː.na]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈiː.na]

Nominalization of the feminine form of -īnus (“of or pertaining to”). For the nouns naming locations, perhaps compare the feminine gender of taberna (“shop, store”). Nouns in -īna with abstract senses, such as medicīna f (“practice of medicine”), can be interpreted as adjectives in agreement with a noun ars f (“art”) that is omitted by ellipsis.^[1]

-īna f (genitive -īnae); first declension

1. Used to form nouns describing places where a certain activity is carried out, or abstract nouns naming activities^[1]

   ‎opifex (“worker, craftsman, artisan”) + ‎-īna → ‎officīna (“workshop, workroom”)

   ‎coquus (“cook”) + ‎-īna → ‎coquīna (“kitchen; cookery”)

   ‎fodiō (“to dig”) + ‎-īna → ‎fodīna (“mine”)

   ‎medicus (“doctor, physician”) + ‎-īna → ‎medicīna (“medicine; cure; practice of medicine”)

2. Used to form nouns or names denoting female beings

   ‎gallus (“rooster, cock”) + ‎-īna → ‎gallīna (“hen”)

   ‎cloāca (“sewer”) + ‎-īna → ‎Cloācīna (“goddess of the Cloaca Maxima”)

Nouns in -īna often show syncope of an internal syllable preceding the suffix, as in doctor, doctrīna; figulus (“potter”), figlīna (“potter's workshop”); opifex (“craftsman, artisan, worker”), officīna (“workshop”); and discipulus, disciplīna. Some have alternative forms without syncope, sometimes attested specifically in the context of Old Latin, such as discipulīna and opificīna (found in Plautus). Many nouns in -īna are built on nouns that serve as the name of professions or occupations, including a number of formations in -trīna from agent nouns in -tor.

First-declension noun.

• (forms nouns denoting places): -āria, -ārium, -tōrium

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

-īna

1. inflection of -īnus:
   1. nominative/vocative/ablative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

-ina

1. passive ending (used for words ending in 'a')

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈina/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈina/

-ina f (noun-forming suffix)

1. noun forming suffix

   ‎druh + ‎-ina → ‎družina

   ‎pustý + ‎-ina → ‎pustina

   ‎slabý + ‎-ina → ‎slabina

   ‎hostiti + ‎-ina → ‎hostina

• This suffix causes first palatalisation of the preceding consonant.

• Czech: -ina

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /ina/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ina/

-ina

1. forms feminine nouns of various meanings

• Polish: -ina

• -yna

Inherited from Old Polish -ina.

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.na/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ina
• Syllabification: -i‧na
• Homophone: Ina

-ina f

1. appended to nouns or proper nouns, often surnames (ending with -a and -g, -ge, -go) to form nouns meaning: wife of

   Synonym: -owa

2. (obsolete) appended to animals to mean meat of
3. (obsolete) appended to trees to form nouns meaning: forest of
4. forms feminine nouns of various meanings

• -ina in Polish dictionaries at PWN

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -inas)

1. (chemistry) -ine, -in

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -inas)

1. female equivalent of -ino

-ina f (non-lemma form of adjective-forming suffix)

1. feminine singular of -ino

• “-ina”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

-ina (Cyrillic spelling -ина)

1. Suffix appended to words to create feminine nouns.
2. Suffix appended to words to create a possessive form of feminine nouns.
3. Suffix appended to noun roots to form an augmentative (the resulting noun is always feminine) frequently with pejorative or negative connotation.

• -arina
• -enina

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

-ina f

1. suffix used to form feminine nouns denoting geographical features, landscapes, slopes, or depressions

   ‎dol (“bottom”) + ‎-ina → ‎dolina (“valley”)

   ‎kotol (“kettle”) + ‎-ina → ‎kotlina (“basin”)

   ‎strmý (“steep”) + ‎-ina → ‎strmina (“precipice; steep slope”)

   ‎šikmý (“slanted”) + ‎-ina → ‎šikmina (“slope; incline”)

2. suffix used to form collective nouns denoting stands, groves, or groupings of specific plants, trees, or vegetation

   ‎jelša (“alder”) + ‎-ina → ‎jelšina (“alder grove”)

   ‎lopúch (“burdock”) + ‎-ina → ‎lopušina (“burdock patch”)

   ‎borovica (“pine”) + ‎-ina → ‎borina (“pine forest”)

   ‎buk (“beech”) + ‎-ina → ‎bučina (“beech forest”)

3. suffix used to form nouns denoting specific categories or groups of plants, agricultural crops, or vegetation

   ‎byľ (“stalk”) + ‎-ina → ‎bylina (“herb; plant”)

   ‎zelený (“green”) + ‎-ina → ‎zelenina (“vegetables”)

   ‎ozimný (“winter (adj.)”) + ‎-ina → ‎ozimina (“winter crop”)

4. suffix used to form nouns denoting animal products, specifically meat, fats, or pelts

   ‎divý (“wild”) + ‎-ina → ‎divina (“venison; game meat”)

   ‎bravčový (“pork (adj.)”) + ‎-ina → ‎bravčovina (“pork (meat)”)

   ‎hovädzí (“beef (adj.)”) + ‎-ina → ‎hovädzina (“beef (meat)”)

   ‎slaný (“salty”) + ‎-ina → ‎slanina (“bacon”)

   ‎kožuch (“fur, skin”) + ‎-ina → ‎kožušina (“fur; pelt”)

5. suffix used to form nouns denoting a characteristic smell, aroma, or quality, often unpleasant

   ‎myší (“mouse (adj.)”) + ‎-ina → ‎myšina (“smell of mice”)

   ‎pleseň (“mold”) + ‎-ina → ‎plesnina (“mustiness; smell of mold”)

   ‎stuchlý (“musty”) + ‎-ina → ‎stuchlina (“musty odor”)

6. suffix used to form expressive or colloquial nouns denoting nonsense, jokes, or fun

   ‎pes (“dog”) + ‎-ina → ‎psina (“fun; joke”)

   ‎krava (“cow”) + ‎-ina → ‎kravina (“bullshit; nonsense”)

   ‎kôň (“horse”) + ‎-ina → ‎konina (“nonsense”)

7. suffix used to form nouns denoting fractions or quantitative groupings

   ‎osem (“eight”) + ‎-ina → ‎osmina (“one eighth”)

   ‎desať (“ten”) + ‎-ina → ‎desatina (“one tenth”)

   ‎menší (“smaller”) + ‎-ina → ‎menšina (“minority”)

   ‎väčší (“larger”) + ‎-ina → ‎väčšina (“majority”)

8. suffix used to form nouns denoting types of matter, materials, waste, or biological remains

   ‎zdochlý (“dead”) + ‎-ina → ‎zdochlina (“carcass; cadaver”)

   ‎hluchý (“barren”) + ‎-ina → ‎hlušina (“gangue; waste rock”)

   ‎zem (“earth”) + ‎-ina → ‎zemina (“soil; earth material”)

9. suffix used to form nouns denoting the result of an action or a concrete object created by a process

   ‎čmáraný (“scribbled”) + ‎-ina → ‎čmáranina (“scribble; scrawl”)

   ‎zlúčený (“combined”) + ‎-ina → ‎zlúčenina (“compound; combination”)

   ‎nový (“new”) + ‎-ina → ‎novina (“news; novelty”)

• When attached to stems ending in hard consonants, the suffix -ina triggers softening or palatalisation of the preceding consonant. Apart from regular softening (e.g., n → ň), the velar consonants undergo the following shifts:
  • k → č (e.g., buk → bučina); h or g → ž (e.g., druh → družina); ch → š (e.g., lopúch → lopušina).