-ino

From Italian -ino (“-ine, -o: forming diminutives”), from the dative form of Latin -īnus. In its use in physics, originally after the model of earlier neutrino, coined by Enrico Fermi in 1933. Internet slang usages gained currency in the second half of the 2010s.

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈiːnəʊ/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈinoʊ/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

-ino

1. (physics) The fermionic supersymmetric partner of a boson (a bosino), symbolized by a tilde over the nonsupersymmetric particle symbol.

   The supersymmetric partner of the photon is a photino.

   In supersymmetry theory, all bosons have fermionic counterparts, known as bosinos.

3. (chiefly DoggoLingo) A diminutive or endearing suffix.

   ‎pupper + ‎-ino → ‎pupperino

4. (Internet slang, 4chan slang, derogatory) Used to mock progressives through association with DoggoLingo.
   • 2020 January 31, @Styx666Official, Twitter‎^[1]:

     How dare you motherfuckers suggest not to eat species known to carry pathogens able to infect humans NOOOOOO NOT THE HECKIN BAT SOUPERINOS!!!!!!

   • 2020 April 2, u/BasicallyADoctor, “Not the doggos”, in Reddit‎^[2]:

     Reddit: NOOO NOT THE HECKIN LIVES THAT MATTERINO! THIS IS LIKE THE HECKIN TRAYVON MARTINORINO! WHAT ABOUT THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIALARINO! EVERYONE DESERVES A SECOND CHANCEAROO!

• The diminutive is chiefly used after -er.

• (physics): s-

• “-ino, suffix”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.

• -ion, Ion, NIO, NOI, ONI, ion, oni

From German -in.

• IPA^(key): /ˈino/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ino
• Syllabification: i‧no

-ino

1. of feminine sex

   ‎bovo (“head of cattle, bull”) + ‎-ino → ‎bovino (“cow”)

   ‎ĉevalo (“horse, stallion”) + ‎-ino → ‎ĉevalino (“mare”)

   ‎filo (“son”) + ‎-ino → ‎filino (“daughter”)

   ‎fraŭlo (“bachelor”) + ‎-ino → ‎fraŭlino (“bachelorette, Miss”)

   ‎karulo (“dear”) + ‎-ino → ‎karulino (fem.)

   ‎knabo (“boy”) + ‎-ino → ‎knabino (“girl”)

   ‎koko (“chicken, rooster”) + ‎-ino → ‎kokino (“hen”)

   ‎koramiko (“boyfriend”) + ‎-ino → ‎koramikino (“girlfriend”)

   ‎leono (“lion”) + ‎-ino → ‎leonino (“lioness”)

   ‎lupo (“wolf”) + ‎-ino → ‎lupino (“she-wolf”)

   ‎onklo (“uncle”) + ‎-ino → ‎onklino (“aunt”)

   ‎patro (“father”) + ‎-ino → ‎patrino (“mother”)

   ‎sinjoro (“Mister”) + ‎-ino → ‎sinjorino (“Madam, Mistress”)

   ‎viro (“man”) + ‎-ino → ‎virino (“woman”)

   ‎vulpo (“fox”) + ‎-ino → ‎vulpino (“vixen”)

   Coordinate term: (neologism) -iĉo (“male”)

Unqualified words for professions and animals do not assume either sex in modern usage, but this was not always the case. When Esperanto was created, people or animals not specifically specified female were traditionally assumed to be male. So, instruisto used to be assumed to mean a male teacher, and a female teacher was an instruistino; the title doktoro used to be assumed to be a man with a doctorate, for a woman it was doktorino. With animals, a bovo was assumed to be a bull, a cow was a bovino. Nowadays, instruisto means a teacher of either gender, though bovo may be either a head of cattle or a bull.

In modern usage, one should only assume a particular sex for family relationships, such as patro (“father”)/patrino (“mother”), edzo (“husband”)/edzino (“wife”), frato (“brother”)/fratino (“sister”), and certain titles, such as sinjoro (“Mister”)/sinjorino (“Missus”).

A common idiom to designate male animals is to make compounds with viro (“man”), such as virbovo for bull (although unidiomatically, this could mean a minotaur). L.L. Zamenhof, the founder of Esperanto, began this usage in the 1920s with his translation of Genesis, and it is now widespread. To designate male professionals, it is common to use the adjective vira, such as vira kelnero for a male waiter.

Of the several neologisms coined to be a male counterpart to -in-, the most frequently used is -iĉ-, which has appeared in some books, but does not have official recognition. For example, boviĉo would be a bull like bovino is a cow, and in such usage bovo would only be a head of cattle.

Back-formation from femino (“female”).

-ino

1. suffix denoting femininity or a female

   Synonym: -femino

   Antonym: -ulo

   ‎avo (“grandparent”) + ‎-ino → ‎avino (“grandmother”)

   ‎filio (“child, offspring”) + ‎-ino → ‎filiino (“daughter”)

   ‎frato (“sibling”) + ‎-ino → ‎fratino (“sister”)

   ‎kavalo (“horse”) + ‎-ino → ‎kavalino (“mare”)

   ‎kuzo (“cousin”) + ‎-ino → ‎kuzino (“(female) cousin”)

   ‎nepoto (“grandchild”) + ‎-ino → ‎nepotino (“granddaughter”)

   ‎nevo (“nephew or niece, nibling”) + ‎-ino → ‎nevino (“niece”)

   ‎onklo (“uncle or aunt”) + ‎-ino → ‎onklino (“aunt”)

   ‎rejo (“monarch”) + ‎-ino → ‎rejino (“queen”)

   ‎spozo (“spouse”) + ‎-ino → ‎spozino (“wife”)

   ‎yuno (“child”) + ‎-ino → ‎yunino (“girl”)

• -lino

From Latin -īnus. Compare English -ine.

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.no/
• Rhymes: -ino
• Hyphenation: -ì‧no

-ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ini, feminine -ina)

2. used to form diminutives

   Synonyms: -cino, -ello, -cello, -etto, -uccio

   ‎gatto (“cat”) + ‎-ino → ‎gattino (“kitten”)

3. used to indicate a profession

   ‎ciabatta (“slipper”) + ‎-ino → ‎ciabattino (“shoe repairer”, “cobbler”)

4. used to indicate an ethnic or geographical origin

   ‎Alessandria + ‎-ino → ‎alessandrino (“resident or native of Alessandria or Alexandria”)

5. used to indicate tools or instruments

   ‎lavanda (“wash”, noun) + ‎-ino → ‎lavandino (“washbasin”)

-ino (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ina, masculine plural -ini, feminine plural -ine)

1. used to indicate an ethnic or geographical origin

   ‎Alessandria (“of Alessandria or Alexandria”) + ‎-ino → ‎alessandrino

2. used to derive adjectives denoting composition, color or other qualities

   ‎smeraldo (“emerald”) + ‎-ino → ‎smeraldino (“emerald (relational); emerald green”)

• IPA^(key): /i.no/ (stress falls on the preceding syllable)
• Hyphenation: -i‧no

-ino

1. used with a stem to form the third-person plural present subjunctive and imperative of regular -are verbs

• -oni, noi

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [iː.noː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [i.no]

-īnō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -īnus and -īnos

Borrowed from Latin -īnus (“-ine”). Doublet of -inho.

-ino (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ina, masculine plural -inos, feminine plural -inas)
-ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inos, feminine -ina, feminine plural -inas)

1. -ine (of or relating to)

   ‎diamante (“diamond”) + ‎-ino → ‎diamantino (“relating to diamonds”)

2. -ine; -like (sharing some properties with; similar to)

   ‎diamante (“diamond”) + ‎-ino → ‎diamantino (“diamond-like”)

3. -ine; -er; -ese (forms demonyms (adjectives and nouns))

   ‎Nova Iorque (“New York”) + ‎-ino → ‎nova-iorquino (“New Yorker”)

-ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inos)

1. (chemistry) -yne (forms the name of unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one triple bond)

-ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inos)

1. (particle physics) -ino (forms the name of supersymmetric partners)

The following ending(s) change(s) in words appended with this suffix:

• ⟨-ição⟩ (being part of a hiatus in feminine nouns, including plurals) → ⟨-(i)cion-⟩
• ⟨-ção⟩, ⟨-são⟩ (in feminine nouns, including plurals) → ⟨-cion-⟩, ⟨-sion-⟩
• ⟨-ão⟩ (as a non-verb suffix, including plurals) → ⟨-on-⟩
• ⟨-ã(o)-⟩ (including plurals) → ⟨-(i)an-⟩, ⟨-am-⟩, or ⟨-(i)on-⟩, depending on the base word's etymology
• ⟨-m⟩ (including plurals) → ⟨-n-⟩
• ⟨-z⟩ (in some nouns from Latin, including plurals) → ⟨-c(i)-⟩
• ⟨-vel⟩ (unstressed and adjectival, including plurals) → ⟨-bil-⟩
• ⟨-z⟩ (adjectival, including plurals) → ⟨-c-⟩
• ⟨-dade⟩ (as a noun suffix, including plurals) → ⟨-t-⟩

• “-ino”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “-ino”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

• IPA^(key): /ˈino/ [ˈi.no]
• Rhymes: -ino
• Syllabification: -i‧no

Inherited from Latin -īnus.

• -ina (after feminine nouns)

-ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inos)

1. forms diminutives from masculine nouns or adjectives

See Etymology 1.

-ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inos)

1. -ine (on adjectives)
2. (organic chemistry) -yne

• “-ino”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025