-ština

• IPA^(key): [ ʃcɪna]

• Audio:

  (file)

-ština f (noun-forming suffix)

1. -ese, -ic, -an, -ish (a language or dialect)

• See also Category:cs:Languages

• -čtina

• Does not take stress.
• The stress falls on the antepenultimate syllable of the derived word, and the accent is always long rising.

-ština (Cyrillic spelling -штина)

1. Appended to noun and adjective roots to create an uncountable feminine noun.

   ‎zbȋr + ‎-ština → ‎zbírština

   ‎némati + ‎-ština → ‎nemáština

   ‎nȅpodoban + ‎-ština → ‎nepodóbština

   ‎pȍtreba + ‎-ština → ‎potrépština

   ‎pȑljav + ‎-ština → ‎prljávština

2. Appended to ethnonyms, oikonyms and similar nouns to create an uncountable feminine noun denoting the language / dialect / vernacular and/or ways of said group.

   ‎Žìdov + ‎-ština → ‎židóvština

   ‎Làtīn + ‎-ština → ‎latínština

   ‎Talìjān + ‎-ština → ‎talijánština

   ‎kàjkavac + ‎-ština → ‎kajkávština

   ‎grȁđanin + ‎-ština → ‎građánština

   ‎Sàrajevo + ‎-ština → ‎sarajévština

3. Appended to Istrian and some Slavonian placenames to create an uncountable feminine noun denoting the geographical microregion.

   ‎Gròžnjān + ‎-ština → ‎Grožnjánština

   ‎Žmȋnj + ‎-ština → ‎Žmínjština

   ‎Làbīn + ‎-ština → ‎Labínština

   ‎Mȍtovūn + ‎-ština → ‎Motovúnština

   ‎Ròvīnj + ‎-ština → ‎Rovínjština

   ‎Ðȁkovo + ‎-ština → ‎Đakóvština

• -čina, -čtina

From -ský + -ina, from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ + Proto-Slavic *-ina.

• IPA^(key): /ʃcina/, [ʃcina]
• Hyphenation: -šti‧na

-ština f

1. suffix used to form the names of languages or dialects from adjectives ending in -ský

   ‎ruský (“Russian (adj.)”) + ‎-ština → ‎ruština (“Russian (lang.)”)

   ‎francúzsky (“French (adj.)”) + ‎-ština → ‎francúzština (“French (lang.)”)

   ‎čínsky (“Chinese (adj.)”) + ‎-ština → ‎čínština (“Chinese (lang.)”)

• In Slovak, language names are derived from adjectives ending in -ský or -cký. The choice between the suffixes -čina, -ština, and -čtina depends on the phonetic environment of the stem:
  1. Stems with -ský (where -s- is not part of the stem):

     The entire -ský ending is typically replaced by -čina.

     Examples: slovenský → slovenčina; taliansky → taliančina.

     Exceptions: čínsky and poľský take -ština (čínština, poľština).

  2. Stems with -ský (where -s- is merged with the stem, either in writing or in pronunciation):

     When the stem ends in a sibilant (s, z, š, ž) or when the -s- of the suffix is merged with a root sibilant, the ending is replaced by -ština.

     Examples: ruský (< rus-ský) → ruština (< rus-ština), francúzsky → francúzština; lotyšský → lotyština (the double -šš- merges into one -š-).

  3. Stems with -cký:

     The adjectival cluster -ck- (< -csk-) shifts to -čť- (< -cšť-) and the resulting suffix is -čtina.

     Examples: grécky (< gréc-sky) → gréčtina (< gréc-ština); turecký → turečtina.

     Exception: nemecký → nemčina.