留

留 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹田 (HHW), four-corner 7760₂, composition ⿱⿰⿱丿⿰𠄌丶刀田)

• 㨨, 䗜, 䝀, 䶉, 塯, 媹, 嵧, 廇, 榴, 溜, 熘, 瑠, 瘤, 磂, 罶, 蒥, 蹓, 遛, 鎦 (镏), 霤, 飀 (飗), 餾 (馏), 騮 (骝), 鬸, 鰡, 鶹 (鹠), 𠺕, 𨢇

• Japanese: る

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 761, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21808
• Dae Jaweon: page 1171, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2537, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7559

• Unihan data for U+F9CD

In bronze inscriptions, phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *m·ru, *m·rus): phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 田 (“field”). Later in small seal script, phonetic 丣 (OC *luʔ) + semantic 田.

留

1. to stay; to remain

   留北京二十五日  ―  liú běijīng èrshíwǔ rì  ―  stay in Beijing for 25 days

2. to ask someone to stay; to detain
3. to keep; to save; to hold in reserve; to retain; to maintain
4. to leave behind (a package, a message, an impression, etc.)

   你可以給我留個電話嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
   你可以给我留个电话吗？ [MSC, simp.]

   Nǐ kěyǐ gěi wǒ liú ge diànhuà ma? [Pinyin]

   Can you give me your phone number?

5. short for 留學／留学 (liúxué, “to study abroad”)

   留美  ―  liúměi  ―  to study in the US

6. to accept (a gift)
7. to allow to grow

   留鬍子／留胡子  ―  liú húzi  ―  to grow a beard

   將頭髮留到落腰 [Cantonese, trad.]
   将头发留到落腰 [Cantonese, simp.]

   zoeng¹ tau⁴ faat³ lau⁴ dou³ lok⁶ jiu¹ [Jyutping]

   have one's hair grow to waist-length

   留長頭髮／留长头发 [Cantonese]  ―  lau⁴ coeng⁴ tau⁴ faat³ [Jyutping]  ―  to let one's hair grow long

8. to concentrate (on something)

   留心  ―  liúxīn  ―  to look out for

   留神  ―  liúshén  ―  to take care; to be careful

9. alternative form of 流 (liú)
10. a surname

留

1. (archaic) to wait; to await

留

1. Alternative name for 昴 (mǎo).

• “留”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02645

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. detain
2. fasten
3. halt
4. stop
5. ateji (当(あ)て字(じ)) for ruble (unit of currency)

• Go-on: る (ru, Jōyō ^†)
• Kan-on: りゅう (ryū, Jōyō)^{←りう (riu, historical)}
• Kun: とめる (tomeru, 留める, Jōyō)、とまる (tomaru, 留まる, Jōyō)、とどめる (todomeru, 留める)、とどまる (todomaru, 留まる)、ルーブル (rūburu, 留)

• “^△留”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

留 (eumhun 머무를 류 (meomureul ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 머무를 유 (meomureul yu))

1. hanja form^? of 류/유 (“stay”)

• 잔류 (殘留, jallyu, “staying behind”)
• 체류 (滯留, cheryu, “stay; sojourn”)
• 보류 (保留, boryu, “hold, suspension”)
• 억류 (抑留, eongnyu, “detention, internment”)
• 유치 (留置, yuchi, “detainment, custody”)

• 以 (logographic variant used in Idu and Gugyeol texts)

留 (*-lwo)

1. to; towards (directional case marker)
2. by; with; using (instrumental case marker)

留 takes the vowel-initial allomorph 乙留 or 乙以 after a consonant, corresponding exactly to the Middle and Modern Korean allomorph 으로 (Yale: ulo) also appearing after a consonant.

Conventionally reconstructed as *-lwo after the Middle Korean reflex, although the source Chinese readings suggest a different vowel. Many scholars suggest *-lwu instead.

• Middle Korean: 로 (-lwo)
  • Korean: 로 (ro)

• 이승재 (Lee Seung-jae) (2000), “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [chajapyogi jaryoui gyeokjosa yeon'gu, Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography [of Korean]]”, in Gugeo gungmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132
• 박지용 外 (Park Ji-yong et al.) (2012), 향가 해독 자료집 [hyangga haedok jaryojip, A Sourcebook of Hyangga Interpretations], Seoul National University, pages 199—200

留: Hán Việt readings: lưu^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]}
留: Nôm readings: lừu^[1], rượu^[1]

1. chữ Hán form of lưu (“to detain; to keep”)
2. chữ Nôm form of rượu (“liquor”)