腰

腰 U+8170, 腰
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8170
← 腯
[U+816F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 腱 →
[U+8171]

Translingual

Han character

腰 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月一田女 (BMWV), four-corner 71244, composition ⿰月要(GJK) or ⿰⺼要(HTV))

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 989, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29705
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1441, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2094, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+8170

Chinese

trad. 腰
simp. # 腰

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (要) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
腰 *qew
要 *qew, *qews
葽 *qew, *qews, *qeːw, *qeːwʔ
喓 *qew
闄 *qewʔ
偠 *qeːwʔ
騕 *qeːwʔ
婹 *qeːwʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qew): semantic ⺼ (“flesh”) + phonetic 要 (OC *qew, *qews).

Etymology

Perhaps an areal word; compare Thai เอว (eeo, “waist”) (Schuessler, 2007), if not borrowed from the Chinese. Schuessler's additional comparison of a Proto-Hmong *qlauᴮ (“waist, lower back”) (whence White Hmong duav (“waist”)), appears phonetically suspect due to the proto-form being more commonly reconstructed as *qlajX. Note also similarities to Burmese အူ (u, “intestines”) (Luce, 1981).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • io - vernacular;
  • iau - literary.
Note:
  • iê1 - Chaozhou;
  • io1 - Shantou.
Rime
Character 腰
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 宵 (91)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於霄切
Baxter 'jiew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔiᴇu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔiɛu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔjæu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔiaw/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiɛu/
Wang
Li 		/ĭɛu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯ɛu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yāo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jiu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 腰
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yāo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjiew ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔew/
English waist

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 腰
Reading # 1/1
No. 14747
Phonetic
component 		要
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		要
Old
Chinese 		/*qew/

Definitions

腰

  1. (anatomy) waist; lower back; small of the back (Classifier: 條／条 c)
  2. waist of clothes
  3. kidney; edible animal kidney
  4. purse; pockets
  5. middle part
  6. a surname, Yao

Synonyms

  • (waist): (regional) 腰子 (yāozi)
  • (kidney):
Dialectal synonyms of 腎 (“kidney”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 腎, 腎水, 水藏
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 腎, 腎臟
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 腰子, 腎
Taiwan 腎, 腰子
Harbin 腎
Singapore 腎
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 腰子, 腎
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 腰子, 腎
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 腎
Xi'an 腎
Xining 腎
Xuzhou 腰子, 腎
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 腰子
Lanzhou 腰子
Ürümqi 腰子, 腎
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 腎臟, 腎
Wuhan 腰子
Guiyang 腰子
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 腰子
Yangzhou 腰子
Cantonese Guangzhou 腎
Hong Kong 腎
Dongguan 腎
Gan Lichuan 腰子
Pingxiang 腰子
Hakka Meixian 腎
Yudu 腰子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 腰仔, 腎家
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 腰仔, 腎家
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 腰仔, 腎家
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 腰, 腎家
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 腰仔, 腎家
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 腰子
Huizhou Jixi 腰子
Jin Taiyuan 腰子, 腎
Xinzhou 腰子
Northern Min Jian'ou 腰仔
Eastern Min Fuzhou 腰子, 腰心子, 腎
Southern Min Xiamen 腰子
Quanzhou 腰子
Zhangzhou 腰子
Taipei 腰子
New Taipei (Sanxia) 腰子
Kaohsiung 腰子
Yilan 腰子
Changhua (Lukang) 腰子
Taichung 腰子
Tainan 腰子
Hsinchu 腰子
Kinmen 腰子
Penghu (Magong) 腰子
Penang (Hokkien) 腰子
Singapore (Hokkien) 腰子
Manila (Hokkien) 腰子
Jieyang 腎
Bangkok (Teochew) 腎
Haikou 腎
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 腎
Wu Shanghai 腰子, 腎臟
Shanghai (Chongming) 腰子
Suzhou 腰子
Danyang 腰子
Hangzhou 腰子
Ningbo 腎, 腰子
Jinhua 腰子
Jinhua (Tangxi) 腰
Xiang Loudi 腰子
Hengyang 腰子

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Proto-Tai: *ˀjeːwᴬ (“waist”)

Japanese

Shinjitai 腰
Kyūjitai
[1]
腰󠄁
腰+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
腰󠄃
腰+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

腰

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. hips, loins, lower back

Readings

  • Go-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)←えう (eu, historical)
  • Kan-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)←えう (eu, historical)
  • Kun: こし (koshi, 腰, Jōyō)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
腰
こし
Grade: S
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 腰 – see the following entry.
【こしコシ】
[noun] the waist, the (lower) back, the small of the back
[noun] (anatomy) the lumbar region
[noun] the skirting of a shoji
[noun] the third line of a waka or tanka poem (from the way that the next two lines are longer, similar to the way the body gets wider at the hips)
[noun] (of food) chewiness; springiness
(This term, 腰, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
腰
よう
Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 腰 (MC 'jiew).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [jo̞ː]

Affix

腰(よう) • (yō) ←えう (eu)?

  1. hips, loins, lower back

References

  1. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “腰”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 腰 (MC 'jiew). Recorded as Middle Korean 요 (ywo) (Yale: yo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

腰 (eumhun 허리 요 (heori yo))

  1. hanja form? of 요 (“waist; hips”)

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

腰: Hán Việt readings: yêu[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
腰: Nôm readings: yêu[1][2][4][7][8][9], eo[1][2][3][4][5], oeo[3]

  1. chữ Nôm form of eo (“waist”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of yêu (“to love”)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Takeuchi (1988).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hồ (1976).
  6. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Bonet (1899).
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Génibrel (1898).
  9. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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