ru

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ru"
Languages (21)
Translingual
Afrikaans • Breton • Chuukese • Danish • French • Japanese • Kabyle • Malay • Mandarin • Mizo • Narua • Norwegian Nynorsk • Paraguayan Guarani • Sumerian • Talysh • Tarifit • Tarok • Vietnamese • West Makian • White Hmong
Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Most likely from clipping of English Russian or Russian ру́сский (rússkij)

Symbol

ru

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Russian.

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch ruw, from Middle Dutch ruuch, ru, from Old Dutch *rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz. See the Dutch entry for more.

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)

Adjective

ru (attributive ruwe, comparative ruwer, superlative ruuste)

  1. rough
    Synonym: rof

Breton

Adjective

ru

  1. red

Chuukese

Numeral

ru

  1. two

Danish

Etymology

From Middle Low German ru(w), ruch, ruge. Related to rya, and maybe rokke.

Adjective

ru (neuter ru, plural and definite singular attributive ru)

  1. rough, coarse
    Antonym: glat
  2. raspy, hoarse
    Synonym: rusten

Derived terms

  • ruhed
  • ruhåret

See also

References

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French ru, riu, from Vulgar Latin *rius, from Latin rīvus (“brook, small stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rih₂wós (from *h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move, set in motion”) +‎ *-wós).

Pronunciation

Noun

ru m (plural rus)

  1. (archaic) small stream

See also

Further reading

Japanese

Romanization

ru

  1. The hiragana syllable る (ru) or the katakana syllable ル (ru) in Hepburn romanization.

Kabyle

Root
r (crying)
1 term

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Berber.

Pronunciation

Verb

ru (verbal noun turin)

  1. to cry, to weep, to shed tears

References

  • Association Culturelle Numidya (2025), “Amawal, dictionnaire kabyle-français en ligne”, in Amawal‎[1], retrieved 2025
  • Dallet, Jean-Marie (1982), Dictionnaire kabyle-français: parler des At Mangellat, Algérie (in French), Paris, France

Malay

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ru/
  • Rhymes: -ru, -u

Noun

ru (Jawi spelling رو, plural ru-ru or ru2)

  1. alternative form of eru

Mandarin

Romanization

ru

  1. nonstandard spelling of rú
  2. nonstandard spelling of rǔ
  3. nonstandard spelling of rù

Usage notes

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mizo

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ruu.

    Verb

    ru (stem II rûk)

    1. to steal
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2

      Adjective

      ru

      1. (of ingestible items) having a strong effect

      Etymology 3

        Noun

        ru

        1. any plant used to make fish poison for hunting

        Further reading

        Narua

        Noun

        ru

        1. chicken

        Norwegian Nynorsk

        Etymology

        From Middle Low German.

        Adjective

        ru (masculine and feminine ru, neuter ru or rutt, definite singular and plural ru or rue, comparative ruare, indefinite superlative ruast, definite superlative ruaste)

        1. uneven on the surface
        2. raspy, hoarse

        References

        Anagrams

        Paraguayan Guarani

        Pronunciation

        • Rhymes: -u

        Noun

        ru

        1. father

        References

        • Canese, Natalia Krivoshein de; Alcaraz, Feliciano Acosta (2016), “ru”, in Ñe’ẽryru [Dictionary] (overall work in Spanish), Asunción: Instituto Superior de Lenguas, →ISBN, page 99, column 1

        Sumerian

        Romanization

        ru

        1. romanization of 𒊒 (ru)

        Talysh

        Etymology

        Cognate with Persian رود (rud).

        Noun

        ru

        1. river

        Tarifit

        Etymology

        (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

        Pronunciation

        Verb

        ru (Tifinagh spelling ⵔⵓ)

        1. (intransitive) to cry, to weep
        2. (intransitive) to complain
        3. (intransitive, figuratively) to secrete a liquid

        Conjugation

        This verb needs an inflection-table template.

        Derived terms

        • Causative: sru (“to make cry”)
        • amentru (“beggar”)

        Tarok

        Etymology

        Cognate to Mapeo dɔ́ɔ́ ("fall, fall downwards"), Owere dò ("fall (as rain)").

        Verb

        ru

        1. to fall (downwards)

        References

        Vietnamese

        Pronunciation

        Etymology 1

        (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

        Verb

        ru • (油)

        1. to sing (a baby) to sleep
          hát ru ― to sing a lullaby
          • (Can we date this quote?), Văn Thành Nho, “Đất nước lời ru [Our Land, a Lullaby]”:
            Ru con, mẹ ru con,
            Tiếng ru cả cuộc đời.
            Ru con lời ru,
            Cất lên từ ngàn đời.
            Lull you, I lull you,
            With the song of a lifetime.
            Lull you, with a lullaby,
            Resonating with eternity.
        Derived terms

        Etymology 2

        Part of the r-series of demonstratives, along with rày, ri, rứa, sao, and potentially also răng, rằng.

        Particle

        ru • (𠱋)

        1. (literary, dated) final particle used for negation or to form rhetorical questions
          • Lễ ký đại toàn tiết yếu diễn nghĩa (禮記大全節要演義), pg. 60
            𤽗𫳵拯𠚢𪠞丕𠱋。
            Ngươi sao chẳng ra đi vậy ru?
            Why aren't you leaving?
          Synonyms: sao, đâu, ư
        See also
        Vietnamese demonstratives
        proximal
        (*-iː)         		distal 1
        (*-iːʔ)         		distal 2
        (*-əːʔ)         		distal 3/
        remote
        (*-ɔːʔ)         		interrogative
        (rime was a rounded
        back vowel)
        place, attributive1
        n-         		ni
        nì
        này/nầy
        nây         		ní
        nấy         		nớ nọ
        (nó)         		nào
        place, nominal2
        đ-         		đây đấy
        (ấy)         		— đó đâu
        manner
        r-         		ri
        rày         		— rứa — ru
        sao3
        extent 14
        b-         		bây bấy — — bao
        extent 25
        v-         		vầy vậy — — —
        1 Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language).
        2 Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”).
        3 From earlier *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant).
        4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”).
        5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”).
        visibility/evidentiality6
        distal
        (ngang)         		remote
        (huyền)
        Northern-Southern kia
        (cơ)         		kìa
        (cờ)
        Central tê tề
        6 Originally, these demonstratives might have been used to assert that something is visible and/or verifiable. They have been bleached quite thoroughly and currently are usually used like other distal demonstratives. The biggest trace of their evidentiality might be in their usage as final particles, often in reduced forms cơ/cờ: [t]ừ đấy về tới Hà Nội, còn những ba cái cầu nữa cơ mà! ("From there to Hanoi, there're still three more bridges to cross!") (Ba ngày luân lạc, 1943) and their (pretty much) obligatory use when locating an object: Không phải cái này mà là cái kia. ("Not this one, that one.")

        West Makian

        Pronunciation

        Noun

        ru

        1. neck

        References

        • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[2], Pacific linguistics

        White Hmong

        Etymology

        From English roof ("roof").

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /ʈu˧/

        Noun

        ru

        1. roof

        References

        • Ernest E. Heimbach, White Hmong - English Dictionary (1979, SEAP Publications)
        This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.