願

See also: 愿
願 U+9858, 願
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9858
← 顗
[U+9857] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 顙 →
[U+9859]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

願 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+10, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一火一月金 (MFMBC), four-corner 71286, composition ⿰原頁)

Derived characters

  • 𡅪, 𭬻, 𩖒, 𫚆, 𢥧

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1407, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43623
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1925, character 36
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4385, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+9858


Chinese

trad. 願
simp. 愿*
2nd round simp. 𫹵
nonstandard simp. 𫖸
alternative forms 𫹵
愿
𩕾
𢥧
𩕮

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 願
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (原) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
羱 *ŋʷaːn, *ŋʷan
豲 *ɦŋʷaːn
謜 *sŋ̊ʰʷan, *ŋʷan
縓 *sŋ̊ʰʷan, *sŋ̊ʰʷans
原 *ŋʷan
源 *ŋʷan
厵 *ŋʷan
嫄 *ŋʷan
騵 *ŋʷan
榞 *ŋʷan
獂 *ŋʷan
蒝 *ŋʷan
願 *ŋʷans
傆 *ŋʷans
愿 *ŋʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋʷans): phonetic 原 (OC *ŋʷan) + semantic 頁.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • Hailu:
    • ngienˇ - “addiction”.
Note:
  • nguêng6 - Chaozhou;
  • nguang6 - Shantou.
  • Wu
    • (Northern: Shanghai)
      • Wugniu: 6gnioe
      • MiniDict: nyoe去
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3nyyoe
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲyø²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: yenn5 / yenn4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /y̯ẽ²¹/, /y̯ẽ⁴⁵/
Note:
  • yenn5 - vernacular;
  • yenn4 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 願
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 元 (66)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 魚怨切
    Baxter ngjwonH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋʉɐnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋʷiɐnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋiuɐnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋuanH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋiuɐnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋĭwɐnH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ŋi̯wɐnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yuàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jyun6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 願
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yuàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ngjwonH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ŋ]o[n]-s/ (< nasal + uvular?)
    English to wish

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 願
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 16196
    Phonetic
    component         		原
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		願
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋʷans/

    Definitions

    願

    1. to desire; to want: to wish
      願大家平安健康。 [MSC, trad.]
      愿大家平安健康。 [MSC, simp.]
      Yuàn dàjiā píng'ān jiànkāng. [Pinyin]
      I wish everybody peace and good health.
    2. desire; wish; ambition
    3. (religion, Buddhism) vow
    4. to be willing; to be ready; to do willingly
    5. (Hakka) addiction
      上願／上愿 [Meixian Hakka]  ―  song1 ngian4 [Hakka Transliteration Scheme]  ―  to get addicted

    Synonyms

    • (to wish):
    • (desire):
    • (to be willing):

    Compounds

    Descendants

    Sino-Xenic (願):
    • → Japanese: 願(がん) (gan)
    • → Korean: 원(願) (won)
    • → Vietnamese: nguyện (願)

    References

    Japanese

    Kanji

    願

    (Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. request, wish
    2. prayer

    Readings

    • Go-on: ごん (gon)
    • Kan-on: げん (gen)←げん (gen, historical)←ぐゑん (gwen, ancient)
    • Kan’yō-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)←ぐわん (gwan, historical)
    • Kun: ねがう (negau, 願う, Jōyō)←ねがふ (negafu, 願ふ, historical)、ねがい (negai, 願)←ねがひ (negafi, 願, historical)

    Usage notes

    The honorific form is the well known word for "please", お願い (onegai).

    Compounds

    Etymology

    Kanji in this term
    願
    がん
    Grade: 4
    kan'yōon

    /ɡʉan/ → /ɡʷaɴ/ → /ɡaɴ/

    From Middle Chinese 願 (MC ngjwonH).

    Pronunciation

    Affix

    願(がん) • (gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

    1. desire; wish
    2. pray

    Noun

    願(がん) • (gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

    1. a prayer

    Derived terms

    • 願(がん)に懸(か)けて (gan ni kakete)
    • 願(がん)を起(お)こす (gan o okosu)
    • 願(がん)を懸(か)ける (gan o kakeru)
    • 願(がん)を立(た)てる (gan o tateru)

    References

    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

    Hanja

    願 (eumhun 원할 원 (wonhal won))

    1. hanja form? of 원 (“desire, want”)
    2. hanja form? of 원 (“wish”)
    3. hanja form? of 원 (“ambition”)

    Compounds

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    願: Hán Nôm readings: nguyện, nguyền

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.