決

See also: 决
決 U+6C7A, 決
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C7A
← 汹
[U+6C79] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 汻 →
[U+6C7B]

Translingual

Han character

決 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水木大 (EDK), four-corner 35130, composition ⿰氵夬)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 609, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17174
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1001, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1574, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6C7A

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 決
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (夬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
袂 *mɡʷeds
夬 *kʷraːds
快 *kʰʷraːds
駃 *kʰʷraːds, *kʷeːd
筷 *kʰʷraːds
炔 *kʷeːds
觖 *kʰʷeds, *kʷeːd
缺 *kʰʷed, *kʰʷeːd
蒛 *kʰʷed
吷 *qʰʷed
妜 *qʷed, *qʷeːd
決 *kʷeːd, *qʰʷeːd
訣 *kʷeːd
抉 *kʷeːd, *qʷeːd
玦 *kʷeːd
芵 *kʷeːd
赽 *kʷeːd
鴂 *kʷeːd
鈌 *kʷeːd
决 *kʷeːd
疦 *kʷeːd, *qʰʷeːd
蚗 *kʷeːd
趹 *kʷeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʷeːd, *qʰʷeːd): semantic 氵 + phonetic 夬 (OC *kʷraːds).

Etymology

Possibly a derivative of 夬 (OC *kʷraːds, “to split”).

Pronunciation 1

trad. 決/决
simp. 决
alternative forms 𣲺
Note:
  • guag4 - Shantou;
  • guêg4 - Chaozhou.
Note:
  • Chongming:
    • 7cioq - vernacular;
    • 7cioeq - literary.
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: jye6
        • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy̯e̞²⁴/
      • (Hengyang)
        • Wiktionary: jye6
        • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy̯e̞²²/
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 決
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕyɛ³⁵/
    Harbin /t͡ɕyɛ²⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕye⁴⁵/
    Jinan /t͡ɕyə²¹³/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕyə⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕyɛ²⁴/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕyɛ²¹/
    Xining /t͡ɕyu⁵³/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕye¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕyə⁵³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕyɤ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕye²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕye³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕie²¹/
    Kunming /t͡ɕiɛ³¹/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕyeʔ⁵/
    Hefei /t͡ɕyɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕyəʔ²/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕyaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕioʔ⁵/
    /t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕy²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕyeʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕyɛ⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕye²⁴/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕyæ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕyeʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /kiat̚¹/
    Taoyuan /kiet̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰyt̚³/
    Nanning /kʰyt̚³³/
    Hong Kong /kʰyt̚³/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kuat̚³²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kyɔʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kyɛ²⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /kuak̚²/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /kit̚⁵/
    Rime
    Character 決
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 屑 (88)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 古穴切
    Baxter kwet
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kwet̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʷet̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kuɛt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kwɛt̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/kuet̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/kiwet̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/kiwet̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jue
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gyut3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 決 決
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jué jué
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kwet › ‹ kwet ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k]ʷˁet/ /*[k]ʷˁet/
    English open a passage for a stream open; decide

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 決
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 4416
    Phonetic
    component         		夬
    Rime
    group         		月
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		玦
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʷeːd/

    Definitions

    決

    1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to dredge; to dig
    2. to burst; to break; to breach
    3. to decide; to determine
      Synonym: 定 (dìng)
      去意已決／去意已决  ―  qùyì yǐ jué  ―  to be determined to leave
    4. to decide the outcome; to contest
    5. to judge; to pronounce the verdict
    6. definitely; certainly; absolutely (with a negative)
    7. to execute; to put to death
      炮決／炮决  ―  pàojué  ―  execution by artillery fire
      斬立決／斩立决  ―  zhǎn lì jué  ―  summary execution by decapitation
      1. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to execute by shooting
    8. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to duel; to fight a decisive battle or struggle
    9. alternative form of 訣 / 诀 (jué, “to part; to bid farewell”)
    10. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 抉 (jué, “to gouge; to pick out”)
    Compounds
    Descendants
    Sino-Xenic (決):
    • → Vietnamese: quyết (決)

    Pronunciation 2

    trad. 決/决
    simp. 决
    alternative forms 𣲺
    吷
    𦐍
    𦐋
    Rime
    Character 決
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 屑 (88)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 呼決切
    Baxter xwet
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hwet̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hʷet̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xuɛt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hwɛt̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/xuet̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/xiwet̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/xiwet̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xue
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hyut3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 決
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 4432
    Phonetic
    component         		夬
    Rime
    group         		月
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		血
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰʷeːd/

    Definitions

    決

    1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) fast
    Compounds
    • 決征
    • 決捷 / 决捷
    • 決㨗 / 决㨗
    • 決易 / 决易
    • 決溜 / 决溜
    • 決羽 / 决羽
    • 決起 / 决起
    • 決躁 / 决躁
    • 決驟 / 决骤

    Pronunciation 3

    trad. 決/决
    simp. 决
    alternative forms 缺

    Definitions

    決

    1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to be breached; to be torn (of clothes); alternative form of 缺 (quē)
    Compounds
    • 決口 / 决口 (quēkǒu)
    • 決履 / 决履
    • 決裂 / 决裂 (quēliè)
    • 決隙 / 决隙
    • 決鼻 / 决鼻
    • 穿決 / 穿决
    • 踵決 / 踵决

    References

    Japanese

    Kanji

    決

    (Third grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. to burst
    2. to decide, to determine, to judge
    3. to kill, to put to death

    Readings

    Compounds

    Derived terms

    Etymology

    Kanji in this term
    決
    けつ
    Grade: 3
    kan'on

    From Middle Chinese 決 (MC kwet).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    決(けつ) • (ketsu) 

    1. decision, vote

    Derived terms

    • 決(けつ)を取(と)る (ketsu o toru)

    Korean

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese 決 (MC kwet).

    Historical readings
    Dongguk Jeongun reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄀᆑᇙ〮 (Yale: kyyélq)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 결ᄒᆞᆯ (Yale: kyel-hol) 결 (Yale: kyel)

    Pronunciation

    Hanja

    決 (eumhun 결단할 결 (gyeoldanhal gyeol))

    1. hanja form? of 결 (“to decide; to determine; to judge”) [affix]

    Compounds

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    決: Hán Nôm readings: quyết

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