ri

• IPA^(key): /ɹiː/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iː

From the McCune-Reischauer romanization of Korean 리 (ri), from Chinese 里 (lǐ). Doublet of li.

ri (plural ris or ri)

1. (Units of measure) A Korean unit of distance equivalent to about 393 m.

ri

1. (music) The solfeggio syllable used to indicate the sharp of the second note of a major scale, enharmonic to me.

• IR, Ir., ir-

From Proto-Albanian *(h)eríja- 'of this time, from this time, presently, of now > new, recent', a derivative of Alb. herë '(one) time, hour' etc., which is an old loan-word from Latin hōra 'time, hour' etc.; the Albanian substantive is historically not compatible with a reconstruction Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥wo-, zero-grade of *h₁orwo- (compare Old English earu (“quick”), Tocharian B ārwer (“ready”), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥𐬙 (aruuant, “quick, brave”)), as has been proposed in the literature. According to R. Matasovic (A grammatical sketch of Albanian for students of Indo-European. Zadar 2018), the etymology of the adjective is controversial and has no accepted source or from substrate.

• IPA^(key): [ɾi]

i ri (feminine e re, masculine plural të rinj, feminine plural të reja)

1. young

   një vajzë e re

   a young girl

2. new

   filma të rinj

   new movies

Neri, Sergio, Article ri (i), re (e) in: Bardhyl Demiraj, Olav Hackstein, Sergio Neri und Ania Omari. DPEWA, Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen“ (15.-18. Jh.), München 2018-2021 (https://www.dpwa.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/dictionary/?lemmaid=14385)

ri

1. (Mpakwithi) excrement

• Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 188

• (Revived Late Cornish) rei

From Middle Cornish ry, from Proto-Brythonic *rroɣid, from Proto-Celtic *rogīti. Cognate with Breton reiñ and Welsh rhoi.

ri (irregular)

1. to give
2. to grant

   Synonym: grontya

3. to present

   Synonyms: komendya, presentya

• rau

From Latin reus. Compare Italian rio, Romanian rău.

ri (feminine raja)

1. bad

From Middle Low German rigen (“to put in folds”), from or related to Old Saxon rekkian (“to extend”). Distantly related to Old Norse rekja (“to unfold, unwind”), hence a doublet of række (“to reach”).

• IPA^(key): /riː/, [ʁiːˀ]

ri (imperative ri, present rir or rier, past riede, past participle riet)

1. baste, tack (to sew with wide stitches to temporarily fasten pieces of cloth)

• rining

A de novo creation, following the pattern of the other monosyllabic pronouns and with one of the few available consonants (the others being *bi, *gi, *hi, *zi).

• IPA^(key): /ri/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: ri

ri (accusative rin, possessive ria)

1. (gender-neutral, nonstandard) they (singular). A gender-neutral singular third-person personal pronoun.
   • 1997, Liland Brajant ROS', “Pri Sennaciistaj postulatoj”, in soc.culture.esperanto‎^[2] (Usenet):

     Kial gravas, kiu ri estas?

     Why is it important, who they are?

   • 2006, “Maldormemo mia”, in Eksenlime, performed by La Perdita Generacio:

     Najbaro laboranta en la sama laborejo / En la bela domo ri ne pentras plu

     A neighbor working in the same workplace / In the beautiful house they don't paint anymore

   • 2014, Roland Bonkorpa, “Fiinsulo”, in Beletra Almanako, number 21, New York, N.Y.: Mondial, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 32:

     Ri estis la plej pacienca kaj inteligenta hundo, kiun mi iam renkontis.

     They were the most patient and intelligent dog I had ever met.

In 1976, the gender-neutral pronoun ri was presented for the first time alongside the pronouns li (he) and ŝi (she). Until about 2010, it remained a seldom used experimental word, but after 2010 its use has increased significantly, especially in youth circles in Western countries. Comparable to English epicene pronouns. Also read about gender reform in Esperanto. Alternatives include expanding the use of the demonstrative pronoun tiu (“that one”) or using the similarly proscribed ŝli.

• (neologism, non standard) ŝli

• riismo (“ri-ism”)

• IPA^(key): /ʁi/

• Audio (Paris):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

ri (feminine rie, masculine plural ris, feminine plural ries)

1. past participle of rire

ri

1. inflection of rir:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative
2. (reintegrationist norm) inflection of rir:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. first-person singular preterite indicative
   3. second-person singular imperative

From Portuguese rir. Cognate with Kabuverdianu ri.

ri

1. to laugh

• IPA^(key): /rìː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [rìː]

r̃ī̀

1. people or animals moving as a group

• (inherent tone): IPA^(key): /rí/

ri

1. to eat, to absorb.

   Ha na-eri nri.

   They are eating food.

   • 2019, Bịabụlụ Nsọ nʼIgbo Ndị Ugbu a, Biblica Inc., Luke 24:43:

     O we nara ya, rie n'iru ha.

     He then took it and ate it in front of them.

2. to acquire.

ri m

1. masculine plural of rio

• ir-

ri

1. The hiragana syllable り (ri) or the katakana syllable リ (ri) in Hepburn romanization.

ri

1. romanization of ꦫꦶ

From Portuguese rir.

ri

1. to laugh

ri

1. the

• (Waingmaw) IPA^(key): [ɹi˧˧]
• (Chipwe) IPA^(key): [ɹi˨˩]
• (Mongko) IPA^(key): [le˥˥]
• Hyphenation: ri

ri

1. Used to mark the preceding noun as a direct object.
   • 2005, “Apoem ayang꞉ 1:1 [Genesis 1:1]”, in Jhoem꞉ mougsougˮ [The Book of the Bible]‎^[3], page 2:

     Xang꞉ shiˮ moo Mangsoo gi mougkhung꞉ yoʼ myidjang ri phainˮ so꞉ toˮ.

     First, God created heaven and earth.

2. Used to form an adverbial phrase from a verb phrase.
   • 2005, “Apoem ayang꞉ 11:1 [Genesis 11:1]”, in Jhoem꞉ mougsougˮ [The Book of the Bible]‎^[4]:

     Xang꞉ shiˮ ri moug꞉ gyab goinˮ moo myeingˮ daja꞉ za꞉ kaid lho꞉ dang꞉ daja꞉ kyeingˮ joꓹ boem.

     First in the entire world there was just one language and only one speech.

• Hkaw Luk (2017), A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎^[5], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis), page 22
• Hideo Sawada (2024), “Differences between ‘Lacid’ and ‘Leqi’”, in Grammatical Phenomena of Sino-Tibetan Languages, volume 6, pages 33-54

Likely from Proto-Kuki-Chin *reel (“"count, read"”)^[1]

ri

1. to read^[2]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di, from Proto-Austronesian *di.

• IPA^(key): [ri]

ri (Lontara spelling ᨑᨗ)

1. general preposition (in, at, to etc.)

ri

1. nonstandard spelling of rī
2. nonstandard spelling of rì

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *rii.

ri

1. boundary, border

ri (stem II rîk)

1. to make a sound or noise

• Lorrain, J. Herbert (1940), “ri”, in Dictionary of the Lushai language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society

ri

1. woman

• transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66

• IPA^(key): /riː/

From Old Norse hríð.

ri (definite singular, indefinite plural, definite plural)

1. attack, sudden pain or mood
2. a short while

From Old Norse ríða.

• ride

ri (imperative ri, present tense rir, simple past red or rei, past participle ridd, present participle riende)

1. to ride (an animal, e.g. a horse)

• “ri” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

• IPA^(key): /riː/

From Old Norse hríð.

• rid (non-standard since 1938)

ri f (definite singular ria, indefinite plural rier, definite plural riene)

1. attack, sudden pain or mood
2. a short while
3. period with harsh weather

From Old Norse ríða, from Proto-Germanic *rīdaną.

• rida, ride

ri (present tense rir, past tense rei, past participle ridd or ridt or ride, present participle ridande, imperative ri)

1. to ride (an animal)

• reia, reie

• “ri” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

• ir

• IPA^(key): /ri/

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi

ri

1. thorn
2. thorny plant

• rwi
• hri, ĕri

• Javanese: ꦫꦶ (ri)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di, from Proto-Austronesian *di. Compare Makasar ri (ᨑᨗ).

ri

1. prepositional particle

• i

• Javanese: ꦫꦶ (ri)

• Rhymes: -i

ri

1. inflection of rir:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. first-person singular preterite indicative
   3. second-person singular imperative

From Middle Irish fri (“towards, against”), from Old Irish fri. Cognates include Irish fré and Manx rish.

• IPA^(key): /ɾʲi/
• (Lewis) IPA^(key): [ði]

ri (+ dative, no mutation, before the definite article ris)

1. to, against, with

   ris a' ghaoith ― against the wind

2. up

   chaidh iad ris an leathad ― they went up the hillside

3. as [with cho ‘as, so’]

   Tha Seòras cho righinn ri ròn. ― George is as tough as nails. (literally, “George is as tough as a seal.”)

4. Used with a noun or verbal noun to express up to or involved in

   Bha a' chlann sin ri mì-mhodh. ― Those children were up to no good.

   Bha i an urra ris an losgadh anns a' Chròthais beagan bhliadhnachan an dèidh cogadh Iugoslabhach. ― She was responsible for the shooting in Croatia a few years after the Yugoslav War.

• In the Lewis dialect, ri can be used instead of ag/a' before a verbal noun to form present participles where there is no direct object:

  tha mi ri seinn ― I am singing (As opposed to tha mi a' seinn, which has the same meaning.)

• Followed by a prepositional pronoun takes a passive voice meaning:

  Tha na h-eòin tarraingeach rin amharc. ― The birds are attractive to watch. (literally, “The birds are attractive to their watching.”)

ri

1. romanization of 𒊑 (ri)

From Old Chinese 里 (*rɯʔ). Cognate with Tocharian B rīye.^[1]

ri

1. city

ri

1. house, home, dwelling
2. building
3. nest, room

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [zi˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʐɪj˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ɹɪj˧˧]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

ri • (𱓜 (𱓜))

1. (now chiefly in compounds, of stature) small; miniature

Part of the r-series of demonstratives, along with rày, rứa, ru, sao.

ri • (夷, 𱓜)

1. (Central Vietnam) like this

   Ao ni su ri.

   This pond is so deep.

ri

1. soft mutation of rhi

• IPA^(key): /ɾí/

rí

1. The name of the Latin script letter R/r.

• (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí

From Proto-Yoruboid *lí, cognate with Igala lí.

• IPA^(key): /ɾí/

rí

1. (transitive) to see, to find

   Bí ojú bá rí, ẹnu a dákẹ́. ― One should not say everything they see.

   Mo rí ajá rẹ níjẹrin. ― I saw your dog three days ago.

   Ǹjẹ́ ẹ ti rí ọkọ̀ yín? ― Have you found your car?

2. (intransitive) to look like

   Báwo l'ó ṣé ń rí? ― What does it usually look like?

• IPA^(key): /ɾí/

rí

1. already, yet, before

   N̄ kò ì tí ì rí i rí. ― I haven't seen it before.

   A ti jẹ ìrẹsì yẹn rí. ― We've already tried that rice.

• nígbà kan rí (“once upon a time”)

• (low-tone): IPA^(key): /ɾì/
• (mid-tone): IPA^(key): /ɾī/

rì

1. (intransitive) to sink, to drown
2. (transitive) to sink

ri

1. alternative form of rì (“to sink”) used before object nouns

From Proto-Iranian *rauda- (“appearance”) (with semantic shift "growth, development" > "appearance"), from Proto-Iranian *Hraud- (“to grow (bigger)”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”).^[1][2]

Cognate with Persian رو (rû, “face”), Northern Kurdish rû (“face”), etc.

• IPA^(key): [ˈɾi]
• Hyphenation: ri

ri m

1. face