z-

z-

1. (SI prefix) Abbreviation of English zepto- (“10⁻²¹”)

   Coordinate term: Z-

z-

1. (computer graphics) z-axis

• zh-

From Early Proto-Albanian *dis- > *diš- > *dš- > *tš- > s- before unvoiced phonemes, z- before voiced phonemes. It is mainly connected with the formation of verbs.^[1][2]

z-

1. be-, to-, dis-

z used as a prefix.

z-

1. a prefix, to form perfective verbs
2. a prefix, indicating a change of state

• ze-

• z-/ze- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Coalescence of Proto-Slavic *jьz- and Proto-Slavic *sъ-.

• IPA^(key): /z/

z-

1. used to form the perfect aspect of verbs
2. added to verbs in various meanings

• IPA^(key): /t͡s/

z-

1. alternative form of il-

• Used after a vowel and before the letter z. For details on usage, see the main lemma.

• IPA^(key): /z-/

z-

1. alternative form of si-, which marks third person of si-perfective verbs

• This form of the affix is used with ∅- classifier verbs.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /s/, /s/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /s/, /s/

Coalescence of Proto-Slavic *jьz- and Proto-Slavic *sъ-.

z-

1. attached to verbs to form verbs denoting getting something together
2. down from
3. forms perfective verbs from imperfective ones
4. off, out or from

• Polish: z-
• Silesian: z-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ- (“good”).

z-

1. (chiefly not productive) forms words with positive meanings

• Polish: z-
• Silesian: z-

• s-, ś-, ze-

• IPA^(key): /z/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -z
• Syllabification: z-
• Homophones: s-, z

Inherited from Old Polish z-.

z-

1. used before vowels or voiced consonants, sibilants (s, sz, z, ż), as well as h and semivowels (j, ł) to form a verb in a perfective aspect from a verb in an imperfective aspect.

   ‎z- + ‎decydować → ‎zdecydować

   ‎z- + ‎dzielać → ‎zdzielać

   ‎z- + ‎denerwować → ‎zdenerwować

   ‎z- + ‎gnieść → ‎zgnieść

   ‎z- + ‎hańbić → ‎zhańbić

   ‎z- + ‎irytować → ‎zirytować

   ‎z- + ‎jeść → ‎zjeść

   ‎z- + ‎łamać → ‎złamać

   ‎z- + ‎martwić → ‎zmartwić

   ‎z- + ‎niszczyć → ‎zniszczyć

   ‎z- + ‎orientować → ‎zorientować

   ‎z- + ‎ranić → ‎zranić

   ‎z- + ‎robić → ‎zrobić

   ‎z- + ‎szokować → ‎zszokować

   ‎z- + ‎wiedzić → ‎zwiedzić

2. off, out or from

   ‎z- + ‎jąć (“take”) → ‎zdjąć (“take off”)

   ‎z- + ‎rwać (“tear”) → ‎zerwać (“tear off”)

   ‎z- + ‎pod (“under”) → ‎spód (“bottom”), spod (“from under”)

3. attached to verbs to form verbs denoting getting something together

   ‎z- + ‎brać → ‎zebrać

   ‎z- + ‎prowadzić → ‎sprowadzić

   ‎z- + ‎pisać → ‎spisać

   ‎z- + ‎grać → ‎zgrać

   ‎z- + ‎szyć → ‎zszyć

   ‎z- + ‎łączyć → ‎złączyć

4. down from

   ‎z- + ‎jazda → ‎zjazd

   ‎z- + ‎nosić → ‎znosić

   ‎z- + ‎iść → ‎zejść

Inherited from Old Polish z-.

z-

1. (not productive) forms words with positive meaning

   ‎z- + ‎część + ‎-e → ‎szczęście

   ‎z- + ‎pokój → ‎spokój

• zo-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz-. See z.

• IPA^(key): /z/, [z]

z-

1. together (verbal prefix denoting joining, gathering, or bringing things together)

   ‎z- + ‎isť → ‎zísť (“to meet up; to come together”)

   ‎z- + ‎lepiť → ‎zlepiť (“to glue together”)

   ‎z- + ‎miešať → ‎zmiešať (“to mix together”)

   ‎z- + ‎viazať → ‎zviazať (“to tie together”)

2. down (verbal prefix denoting movement from top to bottom or from a surface)

   ‎z- + ‎isť → ‎zísť (“to descend; to go down”)

   ‎z- + ‎hodiť → ‎zhodiť (“to throw down; to drop”)

   ‎z- + ‎liezť → ‎zliezť (“to climb down”)

3. verbal prefix denoting a change of state or the acquisition of a quality

   ‎z- + ‎blázon + ‎-ieť → ‎zbláznieť (“to go crazy”)

   ‎z- + ‎drahý + ‎-ieť → ‎zdražieť (“to become expensive”)

   ‎z- + ‎vlhký + ‎-núť → ‎zvlhnúť (“to get damp”)

4. verbal prefix denoting a change of state caused by an action (factitive/causative)

   ‎z- + ‎drahý + ‎-iť → ‎zdražiť (“to make more expensive”)

   ‎z- + ‎jemný + ‎-iť → ‎zjemniť (“to soften; to refine”)

   ‎z- + ‎jednoduchý + ‎-iť → ‎zjednodušiť (“to simplify”)

5. verbal prefix denoting upward movement, increase in volume, or a sudden flaring up

   ‎z- + ‎bĺknuť → ‎zbĺknuť (“to burst into flames”)

   ‎z- + ‎dvihnúť → ‎zdvihnúť (“to lift up; to raise”)

   ‎z- + ‎volať → ‎zvolať (“to exclaim; to cry out”)

6. (rare) verbal prefix denoting a change or deviation in movement

   ‎z- + ‎bočiť → ‎zbočiť (“to swerve; to turn aside”)

7. verbal prefix used as a delimitative, denoting a brief action, sound, or movement

   ‎z- + ‎-driemnuť → ‎zdriemnuť (“to take a nap”)

   ‎z- + ‎hrmieť → ‎zhrmieť (“to thunder once”)

   ‎z- + ‎výsknuť → ‎zvýsknuť (“to let out a shriek of joy”)

8. verbal prefix denoting a resultative action or the full completion of a process

   ‎z- + ‎automatický + ‎-izovať → ‎zautomatizovať (“to automate”)

   ‎z- + ‎jesť → ‎zjesť (“to eat up”)

   ‎z- + ‎mrznúť → ‎zmrznúť (“to freeze solid”)

9. verbal prefix serving as a pure perfective aspect marker

   ‎z- + ‎miznúť → ‎zmiznúť (“to disappear (perfective)”)

   ‎z- + ‎desiť → ‎zdesiť (“to be terrified (perfective)”)

10. verbal prefix used redundantly or adding little new meaning to the base verb

    ‎z- + ‎raniť → ‎zraniť (“to injure”)

• Peciar, Štefan, editor (1959–1968), “z-”, in Slovník slovenského jazyka [Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–6 (A – Ž; Doplnky, Dodatky), Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo SAV, →OCLC

From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n). Prefixed form of the preposition z.

• IPA^(key): /z-/

z-

1. Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
   1. (no change in meaning)

      ‎z- + ‎budīti (“to wake”) → ‎zbudīti (“to wake”)

   2. away, aside, down

      ‎z- + ‎téči (“to run”) → ‎stéči (“to run away”)

   3. up

      ‎z- + ‎lẹ́sti (“to climb”) → ‎zlẹ́sti (“to climb up”)

   4. together

      ‎z- + ‎varīti (“to weld”) → ‎zvarīti (“to weld together”)

Before voiceless consonants, the variant s- is used. Before the sibilants s or z, the variant se- is used.

Coalescence of Proto-Slavic *jьz- and Proto-Slavic *sъ-.

• IPA^(key): /z/

z-

1. forms perfective verbs from imperfective ones