в-

• въ- (vǎ-)
• во- (vo-) — archaic, literary

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vъ-.

• IPA^(key): [v-]
• Syllabification^(key): в-

в- • (v-)

1. Forms verbs with the meaning of:
2. movement into, inward direction, or action inside

   вка́рвам

   vkárvam

   to drive in, to insert

   вна́сям

   vnásjam

   to bring in, to import

3. inclusion, insertion, or addition of one thing into another

   впли́там

   vplítam

   to weave in, to plait in

   вши́вам

   všívam

   to sew in

4. transition or change into a specific state (usually reflexive)

   вбеся́вам се

   vbesjávam se

   to become furious

   вкаменя́вам се

   vkamenjávam se

   to petrify, to turn to stone

• “в-”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “в-”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• “в-”, in ЛексИт [LexIt] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014

• во- (vo-) — before certain consonant clusters

Inherited from Old East Slavic въ- (vŭ-), from Proto-Slavic *vъ(n)-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én. The /n/ persists in внять (vnjatʹ). See also в (v), Old East Slavic въ (vŭ), Proto-Slavic *vъ(n). Compare the similar development in с- (s-) from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)-.

• IPA^(key): [v] (before vowels and voiced consonants)
• IPA^(key): [f] (before voiceless consonants)

в- • (v-)

1. added to verbs, forms verbs with the approximate meaning 'in' or 'into'

   ‎во- (vo-) + ‎-йти́ (-jtí, “to go”) → ‎войти́ (vojtí, “to go in, to enter”)

2. added with -ся (-sja) to verbs, forms verbs with the approximate meaning of thoroughness or completeness of action

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎чита́ть (čitátʹ, “to read”) + ‎-ся (-sja) → ‎вчита́ться (včitátʹsja, “to read carefully, delving into the content to better understand”)

3. added to adjectives, forms adverbs with the approximate meaning 'in the manner of [the adjective]'

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎ручно́й (ručnój, “(relational) hand; manual”) → ‎вручну́ю (vručnúju, “manually (by hand)”)

4. added to nouns, forms adverbs with the approximate meaning 'in the direction or location of [the noun]'

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎нутро́ (nutró, “the inside”) → ‎внутри́ (vnutrí, “inside”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎низ (niz, “the bottom”) → ‎вниз (vniz, “downwards”)

5. added to numerals, forms adverbs based on the numeral

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎дво́е (dvóje, “two (in a group together)”) → ‎вдво́е (vdvóje, “twice, by half”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎дво́е (dvóje, “two (in a group together)”) → ‎вдвоём (vdvojóm, “as a two”)

• в (v)

• IPA^(key): [ʋ]; before vowels
• IPA^(key): [w]; before б, г, ґ, д, ж, з, л, м, н, р
• IPA^(key): [ʍ]; before к, п, с, т, х, ц, ч, ш, щ

Inherited from Old Ruthenian в-, въ- (v-, v-), from Old East Slavic въ- (vŭ-), from Proto-Slavic *vъ(n)-.

• вві- (vvi-)
• уві- (uvi-)
• у- (u-) (used after consonants or at the beginning of a clause)

в- • (v-)

1. (added to verbs) into, in (indicates inward movement)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎бі́гти impf (bíhty, “to run”) → ‎вбі́гти pf (vbíhty, “to run in, to run into”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎нести́ impf (nestý, “to carry, to bring”) → ‎внести́ pf (vnestý, “to carry in, to bring in, to contribute”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎ключ impf (ključ, “key”) + ‎-ити (-yty) → ‎включи́ти pf (vključýty, “to include, to turn on”)

2. (added to verbs in combination with -ся (-sja)) indicates thoroughness, profoundness

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎чита́ти (čytáty, “to read”) + ‎-ся (-sja) → ‎вчита́тися pf (včytátysja, “to read carefully, study carefully”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎ду́мати (dúmaty, “to think”) + ‎-ся (-sja) → ‎вду́матися pf (vdúmatysja, “to consider, to think over, to ponder over”)

3. (used to form adverbs) -wise

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎шир (šyr, “width, breadth”) → ‎вшир (všyr, “widthwise, breadthwise”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎довж (dovž, “length”) → ‎вдовж (vdovž, “lengthwise”)

4. (used to form adverbs) -ward, -wards

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎пере́д (peréd, “front”) → ‎впере́д (vperéd, “forward, forwards”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎лі́во (lívo, “left”) → ‎влі́во (vlívo, “left, leftward”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎середи́на (seredýna, “middle, center”) → ‎всере́дині (vserédyni, “inside, inward”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎гора́ (horá, “mountain”) → ‎вго́ру (vhóru, “up, upward, upwards”)

5. (used to form adverbs) time

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎пе́рший (péršyj, “first”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎впе́рше (vpérše, “first time, for the first time”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎чотирна́дцятий (čotyrnádcjatyj, “fourteenth”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎вчотирна́дцяте (včotyrnádcjate, “for the fourteenth time”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎со́тий (sótyj, “hundredth”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎всо́те (vsóte, “for the hundredth time”)

6. (used to form adverbs) -fold, by

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎дві́чі (dvíči, “twice”) → ‎вдві́чі (vdvíči, “twofold, by two”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎дво́є (dvóje, “two of, two”) → ‎вдво́є (vdvóje, “twofold, by two, in two”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎десятеро (desjatero, “ten of, ten”) → ‎вде́сятеро (vdésjatero, “tenfold, by ten”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎полови́на (polovýna, “half”) → ‎вполови́ну (vpolovýnu, “by half”)

7. (used to form adverbs) by, -ly (describes manner in which something is done)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎плав (plav, “swimming, sailing”) → ‎вплав (vplav, “by swimming, by sailing”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎роздроби́ти (rozdrobýty, “to fragment, to split up”) → ‎вро́здріб (vrózdrib, “one by one, separately, by retail”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎лад (lad, “order, accord, harmony”) → ‎влад (vlad, “appropriately, harmoniously, to rhythmically, in accord”)

   ‎в- (v-) + ‎ручни́й (ručnýj, “manual, hand”) → ‎вручну́ (vručnú, “by hand, manually”)

Inherited from Old Ruthenian у-, в- (u-, v-), from Old East Slavic оу-, въ- (u-, vŭ-), from Proto-Slavic *u-.

• у- (u-)

в- • (v-)

2. alternative form of у- (u-) (used after consonants or at the beginning of a clause)