kamo

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kamo"

Aklanon

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu, compare Malay kamu.

Pronoun

kamo

  1. (in the plural) you

Alangan

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu

Pronoun

kamó

  1. (in the plural) you

Amis

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kamu.

Pronoun

kamo

  1. (in the plural) you

See also

Amis personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person kako kami (exclusive)
kita (inclusive)
2nd person kiso kamo
3rd person ciira caira

Cebuano

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu.

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: ka‧mo
  • IPA(key): /kaˈmo/ [kɐˈmo]

Pronoun

kamo

  1. (in the plural) you
  2. (honorific singular) you

See also

Cebuano personal pronouns
direct indirect (postposed) indirect (preposed) oblique
Length: full short1 full short2 base suffixed -a full short
singular first person akó ko nakò3 ko3 akò akoa kanakò nakò
second person ikáw ka nimo mo imo imoha kanimo nimo
third person siyá niya iya iyaha kaniya niya
plural first
person
inclusive kitá ta natò ta atò atoa kanatò natò
exclusive kamí mi namò amò amoa kanamò namò
second person kamó mo ninyo inyo inyoha kaninyo ninyo
third person silá nila ila ilaha kanila nila

1 Forms in this column are placed after the verb or predicate they modify, and never used at the start of sentences.
2 Forms in this column are literary and rarely used colloquially.
3 Ta is used over nako or ko where the focus is a second-person singular pronoun.


Central Bikol

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu.

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: ka‧mo
  • IPA(key): /kaˈmo/ [kaˈmo]

Pronoun

kamó

  1. (inclusive, in the plural) you

See also

Central Bikol personal pronouns
Person Number Absolute Ergative Oblique
Length Full Short Full Short
First singular ako ko sakuya, sako
plural inclusive kita nyato ta satuya, sato
plural exclusive kami nyamo mi samuya, samo
Second singular ika ka mo saimo, simo
plural kamo nindo saindo
Third singular siya niya saiya
plural sinda ninda sainda

Chavacano

Etymology

Borrowed from Cebuano kamo.

Pronoun

kamó

  1. (in the plural) you
    Synonyms: ustedes, vosotros

Hanunoo

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *k-amu.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkamu/ [ˈkɐ.mo]
  • Rhymes: -amu
  • Syllabification: ka‧mo

Pronoun

kamo (Hanunoo spelling ᜣᜫᜳ)

  1. you (plural)

See also

Hanunoo personal pronouns
Person Number Direct Indirect Oblique
First singular ako niko kangko, kang
plural inclusive kita nita kanta
plural exclusive kami nimi kanmi
Second singular kawo, ka nimo kanmo
plural kamo niyo kanyo
Third singular siya niya kanya
plural sida nida kanda

Further reading

  • Conklin, Harold C. (1953), Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 138
  • Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*amu”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Hiligaynon

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu

Pronoun

kamo

  1. you (plural)

See also

Hiligaynon personal pronouns
absolute (ang/si) ergative (sa/ni) ergative (preposed) oblique (sa)
full short full short full
first singular ako ko* nakon ko akon sa akon
plural inclusive kita naton ta aton sa aton
plural exclusive kami namon amon sa amon
second singular ikaw ka nimo mo imo sa imo
plural kamo ninyo inyo sa inyo
third singular siya niya iya sa iya
plural sila nila ila sa ila

Inonhan

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu

Pronoun

kamo

  1. (in the plural) you

Japanese

Romanization

kamo

  1. Rōmaji transcription of かも
  2. Rōmaji transcription of カモ

Māori

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *kamo (to blink). Cognate with Hawaiian ʻamo (to wink).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkamo/ [ˈkɐmɔ]

Noun

kamo

  1. eyelid
  2. eyelash

Verb

kamo

  1. to blink
  2. to wink

Further reading

  • kamo” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Old Czech

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kamo.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈkamo/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈkamo/

Adverb

kamo

  1. (interrogative, relative) whither

Coordinate terms

Type interrogative relative demonstrative indefinite
kto/
qualitative
který
selective
jen sen
proximal
ten onen
distal
jiný
alternative
veš
every
Time k(eh)dy -kterdy jedy t(eh)dy on(eh)dy jindy v(e)šdy
Place in kde -kterde sde tu onde jinde vešde
to kam(o) jam(o) sěm(o) tam(o) onam(o) jinam(o) všam(o)
through kudy, kady jady sudy tudy, tady onudy, onady jinudy, jinady všudy, všady
with prepositions -kud, -kad -ňud, -ňad -sud, -sad -tud, -tad -onud, -onad -jinud, -jinad -všud, -všad
Manner Way kak(o) kterak(o) jak(o) sic(e) tak(o) onak(o) jinak(o) však(o)
Amount kolik(o) jelik(o) tolik(o) všelik(o)
Indefinite prefixes: ně-, leda-, neda-, ni-
Indefinite suffixes: -koli, -si

Descendants

  • Czech: kam

References

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kamo.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /kamɔ/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /kamɔ/

Pronoun

kamo

  1. (attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca) where (to which place)
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎scan transliteration, transcription, numbers 138, 6, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:
      Kamo poydø... a kamo od oblycza twego vczekø (quo ibo... et quo a facie tua fugiam)?
      [Kamo pojdę... a kamo od oblicza twego uciekę (quo ibo... et quo a facie tua fugiam)?]
    • 1897 [1394], Teki Adolfa Pawińskiego[1], volume III, number 3470, Łęczyca Land:
      Tego na Sbroslawa szalugø, gdzesz mi mego czloueka gøl..., potem gi wodl do mego kmecza i tamo gy pøthal a w them ne wem, kamo gi dzal
      [Tego na Zbrosława żałuję, gdzież mi mego człowieka jął..., potem ji wiodł do mego kmiecia i tamo ji pętał a w tem nie wiem, kamo ji dział]
  2. (attested in Greater Poland) where (in which place)
    • 1916 [second half of the 15th century], Stanisław Słoński, editor, Psałterz puławskiscan transliteration, transcription, numbers 22, 1, Greater Poland:
      Gospodzyn mye oprawya, a nycz mnye vbędze, na myeszcze pastwy, kamo mye postawyl (in loco pascuae, ibi me collocavit)
      [Gospodzin mię oprawia, a nic mnie ubędzie, na mieście pastwy, kamo mię postawił (in loco pascuae, ibi me collocavit)]

Further reading

  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “kamo”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Ratagnon

Pronoun

kamó

  1. (in the plural) you

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kamo.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kâmo/
  • Hyphenation: ka‧mo

Adverb

kȁmo (Cyrillic spelling ка̏мо)

  1. where (to), in which direction, whither
    Synonym: kam

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Univerbation of 'ka mo, with 'ka from wika.

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈkamo/ [ˈkaː.mo]
  • Rhymes: -amo
  • Syllabification: ka‧mo

Particle

kamo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋᜓ)

  1. alternative form of 'ka mo

Etymology 2

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu (2pl. nominative, you all), from Proto-Austronesian *kamu (2pl. nominative, you all). Compare Hanunoo kamo, Tausug kamu, and Malay kamu.

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /kaˈmo/ [kɐˈmo]
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Syllabification: ka‧mo

Pronoun

kamó (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋᜓ) (now dialectal, Marinduque)

  1. you (plural)
    Synonym: kayo
See also
Tagalog personal pronouns
Person Number Direct (ang) Indirect (ng) Oblique (sa)
First singular ako ko akin
dual1 kita, kata nita, nata, ta kanita, kanata, ata
plural inclusive tayo natin atin
plural exclusive kami namin amin
First & Second singular kita2
Second singular ikaw, ka mo iyo
plural kayo, kamo ninyo, niyo inyo
Third singular siya niya kaniya
plural sila nila kanila

1 First person dual pronouns are not commonly used in Standard Tagalog.
2 Replaces ko ikaw.


Anagrams

Uneapa

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *kamo, variant of *kama or *kamʷa.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kamo/

Noun

kamo

  1. taro
    Synonym: kabiri

Further reading

  • Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 370

Waray-Waray

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu

Pronoun

kamó

  1. (in the plural) you
  2. (honorific singular) you

Wauja

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈka.mɨ/

Noun

kamo

  1. sun
    Kamo inyatapai.
    [The] sun is hot.
    Kamo iya paponaku.
    [The] sun sets. (Lit., the sun enters [his] house.)
    Kamo putukapai paponanakutsa.
    [The] sun rises. (Lit., the sun emerges from [his] house.)
    Kamo tapokeheneingeu.
    [It] is twilight. (Lit., the sun disappears, is extinguished.)
    Kamo yumekepei.
    [The] sun is in eclipse. (Lit., the sun is menstruating.)
  2. time (of day)
    Kanai itsapai kamo?
    Q: What time is it? (Lit., Where [in the sky] is the sun?)
    Kamotojojokapai aitsu.
    A: We are at noon. (Lit., [The] sun is exactly straight [above] us.)
  3. wristwatch, clock, timepiece
    Okanutapiyaitsapai okamoja.
    On [his/her/its] wrist was [his/her/its] watch.

Usage notes

  • When referring to the sun, kamo is obligatorily unpossessed. When referring to a wristwatch or clock, it can show possession.
  • Kamo is the heavenly body seen in the sky, and also a culture hero of ancient times, when the world was new. Kamo in Wauja stories is always a male figure, even though during a solar eclipse the sun is said to menstruate.

Inflection

Derived terms

  • kamokawa (year)
  • kamomawa (day, daytime, during the day)

See also

  • kejo (moon)
  • kalunti (star, stars)
  • enunaku (sky)
  • iyepe (cloud, clouds)

References

West Miraya Bikol

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu.

Pronoun

kamo

  1. (in the plural) you

Yami

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu.

Pronoun

kamo

  1. (in the plural) you