-άω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti. Cognates include Latin -āre (the whole first conjugation in the present) together with its Proto-Italic ancestor *-āō, -अयति (-ayati) (for the causative in Sanskrit), Proto-Celtic *-āti, Proto-Germanic *-ōną (referring again to the whole conjugation in which the infinitive is *-ōną) and Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei (whence the infinite Proto-Slavic *-ati).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /á.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈa.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈa.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈa.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈa.o/
Suffix
-ᾰ́ω • (-ắō)
Inflection
Present: -ᾰ́ω, -ᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ᾰ́ω | -ᾰ́εις | -ᾰ́ει | -ᾰ́ετον | -ᾰ́ετον | -ᾰ́ομεν | -ᾰ́ετε | -ᾰ́ουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | -ᾰ́ω | -ᾰ́ῃς | -ᾰ́ῃ | -ᾰ́ητον | -ᾰ́ητον | -ᾰ́ωμεν | -ᾰ́ητε | -ᾰ́ωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -ᾰ́οιμῐ | -ᾰ́οις | -ᾰ́οι | -ᾰ́οιτον | -ᾰοίτην | -ᾰ́οιμεν | -ᾰ́οιτε | -ᾰ́οιεν | |||||
| imperative | -ᾰε | -ᾰέτω | -ᾰ́ετον | -ᾰέτων | -ᾰ́ετε | -ᾰόντων | |||||||
| middle/ |
indicative | -ᾰ́ομαι | -ᾰ́ῃ, -ᾰ́ει |
-ᾰ́εται | -ᾰ́εσθον | -ᾰ́εσθον | -ᾰόμεθᾰ | -ᾰ́εσθε | -ᾰ́ονται | ||||
| subjunctive | -ᾰ́ωμαι | -ᾰ́ῃ | -ᾰ́ηται | -ᾰ́ησθον | -ᾰ́ησθον | -ᾰώμεθᾰ | -ᾰ́ησθε | -ᾰ́ωνται | |||||
| optative | -ᾰοίμην | -ᾰ́οιο | -ᾰ́οιτο | -ᾰ́οισθον | -ᾰοίσθην | -ᾰοίμεθᾰ | -ᾰ́οισθε | -ᾰ́οιντο | |||||
| imperative | -ᾰ́ου | -ᾰέσθω | -ᾰ́εσθον | -ᾰέσθων | -ᾰ́εσθε | -ᾰέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/ | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | -ᾰ́ειν | -ᾰ́εσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | -ᾰ́ων | -ᾰόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | -ᾰ́ουσᾰ | -ᾰομένη | |||||||||||
| n | -ᾰ́ον | -ᾰόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Present: -ῶ, -ῶμαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ῶ | -ᾷς | -ᾷ | -ᾶτον | -ᾶτον | -ῶμεν | -ᾶτε | -ῶσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | -ῶ | -ᾷς | -ᾷ | -ᾶτον | -ᾶτον | -ῶμεν | -ᾶτε | -ῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -ῴην, -ῷμῐ |
-ῴης, -ῷς |
-ῴη, -ῷ |
-ῷτον, -ῴητον |
-ῴτην, -ῳήτην |
-ῷμεν, -ῴημεν |
-ῷτε, -ῴητε |
-ῷεν, -ῴησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | -ᾱ | -ᾱ́τω | -ᾶτον | -ᾱ́των | -ᾶτε | -ώντων | |||||||
| middle/ |
indicative | -ῶμαι | -ᾷ | -ᾶται | -ᾶσθον | -ᾶσθον | -ώμεθᾰ | -ᾶσθε | -ῶνται | ||||
| subjunctive | -ῶμαι | -ᾷ | -ᾶται | -ᾶσθον | -ᾶσθον | -ώμεθᾰ | -ᾶσθε | -ῶνται | |||||
| optative | -ῴμην | -ῷο | -ῷτο | -ῷσθον | -ῴσθην | -ῴμεθᾰ | -ῷσθε | -ῷντο | |||||
| imperative | -ῶ | -ᾱ́σθω | -ᾶσθον | -ᾱ́σθων | -ᾶσθε | -ᾱ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle/ | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | -ᾶν | -ᾶσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | -ῶν | -ώμενος | ||||||||||
| f | -ῶσᾰ | -ωμένη | |||||||||||
| n | -ῶν | -ώμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: -ᾰον, -ᾰόμην (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ᾰον | -ᾰες | -ᾰε(ν) | -ᾰ́ετον | -ᾰέτην | -ᾰ́ομεν | -ᾰ́ετε | -ᾰον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | -ᾰόμην | -ᾰ́ου | -ᾰ́ετο | -ᾰ́εσθον | -ᾰέσθην | -ᾰόμεθᾰ | -ᾰ́εσθε | -ᾰ́οντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: -ων, -ώμην (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ων | -ᾱς | -ᾱ | -ᾶτον | -ᾱ́την | -ῶμεν | -ᾶτε | -ων | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | -ώμην | -ῶ | -ᾶτο | -ᾶσθον | -ᾱ́σθην | -ώμεθᾰ | -ᾶσθε | -ῶντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ήσω | -ήσεις | -ήσει | -ήσετον | -ήσετον | -ήσομεν | -ήσετε | -ήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | -ήσοιμῐ | -ήσοις | -ήσοι | -ήσοιτον | -ησοίτην | -ήσοιμεν | -ήσοιτε | -ήσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | -ήσομαι | -ήσῃ, -ήσει |
-ήσεται | -ήσεσθον | -ήσεσθον | -ησόμεθᾰ | -ήσεσθε | -ήσονται | ||||
| optative | -ησοίμην | -ήσοιο | -ήσοιτο | -ήσοισθον | -ησοίσθην | -ησοίμεθᾰ | -ήσοισθε | -ήσοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | -ηθήσομαι | -ηθήσῃ, -ηθήσει |
-ηθήσεται | -ηθήσεσθον | -ηθήσεσθον | -ηθησόμεθᾰ | -ηθήσεσθε | -ηθήσονται | ||||
| optative | -ηθησοίμην | -ηθήσοιο | -ηθήσοιτο | -ηθήσοισθον | -ηθησοίσθην | -ηθησοίμεθᾰ | -ηθήσοισθε | -ηθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | -ήσειν | -ήσεσθαι | -ηθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | -ήσων | -ησόμενος | -ηθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | -ήσουσᾰ | -ησομένη | -ηθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | -ῆσον | -ησόμενον | -ηθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ησᾰ | -ησᾰς | -ησε(ν) | -ήσᾰτον | -ησᾰ́την | -ήσᾰμεν | -ήσᾰτε | -ησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | -ήσω | -ήσῃς | -ήσῃ | -ήσητον | -ήσητον | -ήσωμεν | -ήσητε | -ήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -ήσαιμῐ | -ήσειᾰς, -ήσαις |
-ήσειε(ν), -ήσαι |
-ήσαιτον | -ησαίτην | -ήσαιμεν | -ήσαιτε | -ήσειᾰν, -ήσαιεν | |||||
| imperative | -ησον | -ησᾰ́τω | -ήσᾰτον | -ησᾰ́των | -ήσᾰτε | -ησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | -ησᾰ́μην | -ήσω | -ήσᾰτο | -ήσᾰσθον | -ησᾰ́σθην | -ησᾰ́μεθᾰ | -ήσᾰσθε | -ήσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | -ήσωμαι | -ήσῃ | -ήσηται | -ήσησθον | -ήσησθον | -ησώμεθᾰ | -ήσησθε | -ήσωνται | |||||
| optative | -ησαίμην | -ήσαιο | -ήσαιτο | -ήσαισθον | -ησαίσθην | -ησαίμεθᾰ | -ήσαισθε | -ήσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | -ησαι | -ησᾰ́σθω | -ήσᾰσθον | -ησᾰ́σθων | -ήσᾰσθε | -ησᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | -ήθην | -ήθης | -ήθη | -ήθητον | -ηθήτην | -ήθημεν | -ήθητε | -ήθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | -ηθῶ | -ηθῇς | -ηθῇ | -ηθῆτον | -ηθῆτον | -ηθῶμεν | -ηθῆτε | -ηθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -ηθείην | -ηθείης | -ηθείη | -ηθεῖτον, -ηθείητον |
-ηθείτην, -ηθειήτην |
-ηθεῖμεν, -ηθείημεν |
-ηθεῖτε, -ηθείητε |
-ηθεῖεν, -ηθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | -ήθητῐ | -ηθήτω | -ήθητον | -ηθήτων | -ήθητε | -ηθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | -ῆσαι | -ήσᾰσθαι | -ηθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | -ήσᾱς | -ησᾰ́μενος | -ηθείς | |||||||||
| f | -ήσᾱσᾰ | -ησᾰμένη | -ηθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | -ῆσᾰν | -ησᾰ́μενον | -ηθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ηκᾰ | -ηκᾰς | -ηκε(ν) | -ήκᾰτον | -ήκᾰτον | -ήκᾰμεν | -ήκᾰτε | -ήκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | -ήκω | -ήκῃς | -ήκῃ | -ήκητον | -ήκητον | -ήκωμεν | -ήκητε | -ήκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -ήκοιμῐ, -ηκοίην |
-ήκοις, -ηκοίης |
-ήκοι, -ηκοίη |
-ήκοιτον | -ηκοίτην | -ήκοιμεν | -ήκοιτε | -ήκοιεν | |||||
| imperative | -ηκε | -ηκέτω | -ήκετον | -ηκέτων | -ήκετε | -ηκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ |
indicative | -ημαι | -ησαι | -ηται | -ησθον | -ησθον | -ήμεθᾰ | -ησθε | -ηνται | ||||
| subjunctive | -ημένος ὦ | -ημένος ᾖς | -ημένος ᾖ | -ημένω ἦτον | -ημένω ἦτον | -ημένοι ὦμεν | -ημένοι ἦτε | -ημένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -ημένος εἴην | -ημένος εἴης | -ημένος εἴη | -ημένω εἴητον, εἶτον |
-ημένω εἰήτην, εἴτην |
-ημένοι εἴημεν, εἶμεν |
-ημένοι εἴητε, εἶτε |
-ημένοι εἴησᾰν, εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | -ησο | -ήσθω | -ησθον | -ήσθων | -ησθε | -ήσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/ | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | -ηκέναι | -ῆσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | -ηκώς | -ημένος | ||||||||||
| f | -ηκυῖᾰ | -ημένη | |||||||||||
| n | -ηκός | -ημένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ήκειν, -ήκη |
-ήκεις, -ήκης |
-ήκει(ν) | -ήκετον | -ηκέτην | -ήκεμεν | -ήκετε | -ήκεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | -ήμην | -ησο | -ητο | -ησθον | -ήσθην | -ήμεθᾰ | -ησθε | -ηντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -άω
Greek
Etymology
Modern metaplasm of the ending of 2nd Conjugation, Class I verbs in -ώ (-ó), in the pattern of the 3rd person singular -άει. Thus, frequently coinciding with an ancient uncontracted ending -άω (-áō).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈa.o/
Suffix
-άω • (-áo)
- modern alternative ending for 2nd Conjugation, Class I verbs in -ώ:
Usage notes
- For 2nd Conjugation, Class I, the -άω (-áo) ending is less formal and more common than the -ώ ending. Sometimes they are interchangeable. Rarely is the -ώ ending more common.