νεάω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

By surface analysis, νέος (néos) +‎ -άω (-áō). However, given the existence of Latin novō (“to renew”) and Hittite 𒉈𒂊𒌋𒉿𒄴𒄩𒀭𒍣 (ne-e-u-wa-aḫ-ḫa-an-zi /⁠nēwaḫḫ-⁠⁠/), it is perhaps possible that the term reflects Proto-Hellenic *newaō, from Proto-Indo-European *néweh₂ti.^[1] Beekes, alternatively, suggests the possibility that all of these terms are independent formations.^[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ne.á.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /neˈa.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /neˈa.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /neˈa.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /neˈa.o/

Verb

νεᾰ́ω • (neắō)

to plough up anew

Conjugation

Present: νεᾰ́ω, νεᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	νεᾰ́ω	νεᾰ́εις	νεᾰ́ει	νεᾰ́ετον	νεᾰ́ετον	νεᾰ́ομεν	νεᾰ́ετε	νεᾰ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	νεᾰ́ω	νεᾰ́ῃς	νεᾰ́ῃ	νεᾰ́ητον	νεᾰ́ητον	νεᾰ́ωμεν	νεᾰ́ητε	νεᾰ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	νεᾰ́οιμῐ	νεᾰ́οις	νεᾰ́οι	νεᾰ́οιτον	νεᾰοίτην	νεᾰ́οιμεν	νεᾰ́οιτε	νεᾰ́οιεν
	imperative		νέᾰε	νεᾰέτω	νεᾰ́ετον	νεᾰέτων		νεᾰ́ετε	νεᾰόντων
middle/passive	indicative	νεᾰ́ομαι	νεᾰ́ῃ, νεᾰ́ει	νεᾰ́εται	νεᾰ́εσθον	νεᾰ́εσθον	νεᾰόμεθᾰ	νεᾰ́εσθε	νεᾰ́ονται
	subjunctive	νεᾰ́ωμαι	νεᾰ́ῃ	νεᾰ́ηται	νεᾰ́ησθον	νεᾰ́ησθον	νεᾰώμεθᾰ	νεᾰ́ησθε	νεᾰ́ωνται
	optative	νεᾰοίμην	νεᾰ́οιο	νεᾰ́οιτο	νεᾰ́οισθον	νεᾰοίσθην	νεᾰοίμεθᾰ	νεᾰ́οισθε	νεᾰ́οιντο
	imperative		νεᾰ́ου	νεᾰέσθω	νεᾰ́εσθον	νεᾰέσθων		νεᾰ́εσθε	νεᾰέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		νεᾰ́ειν				νεᾰ́εσθαι
participle	m	νεᾰ́ων				νεᾰόμενος
	f	νεᾰ́ουσᾰ				νεᾰομένη
	n	νεᾰ́ον				νεᾰόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: νεῶ, νεῶμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	νεῶ	νεᾷς	νεᾷ	νεᾶτον	νεᾶτον	νεῶμεν	νεᾶτε	νεῶσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	νεῶ	νεᾷς	νεᾷ	νεᾶτον	νεᾶτον	νεῶμεν	νεᾶτε	νεῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	νεῴην, νεῷμῐ	νεῴης, νεῷς	νεῴη, νεῷ	νεῷτον, νεῴητον	νεῴτην, νεῳήτην	νεῷμεν, νεῴημεν	νεῷτε, νεῴητε	νεῷεν, νεῴησᾰν
	imperative		νέᾱ	νεᾱ́τω	νεᾶτον	νεᾱ́των		νεᾶτε	νεώντων
middle/passive	indicative	νεῶμαι	νεᾷ	νεᾶται	νεᾶσθον	νεᾶσθον	νεώμεθᾰ	νεᾶσθε	νεῶνται
	subjunctive	νεῶμαι	νεᾷ	νεᾶται	νεᾶσθον	νεᾶσθον	νεώμεθᾰ	νεᾶσθε	νεῶνται
	optative	νεῴμην	νεῷο	νεῷτο	νεῷσθον	νεῴσθην	νεῴμεθᾰ	νεῷσθε	νεῷντο
	imperative		νεῶ	νεᾱ́σθω	νεᾶσθον	νεᾱ́σθων		νεᾶσθε	νεᾱ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		νεᾶν				νεᾶσθαι
participle	m	νεῶν				νεώμενος
	f	νεῶσᾰ				νεωμένη
	n	νεῶν				νεώμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐνέᾰον, ἐνεᾰόμην (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐνέᾰον	ἐνέᾰες	ἐνέᾰε(ν)	ἐνεᾰ́ετον	ἐνεᾰέτην	ἐνεᾰ́ομεν	ἐνεᾰ́ετε	ἐνέᾰον
middle/passive	indicative	ἐνεᾰόμην	ἐνεᾰ́ου	ἐνεᾰ́ετο	ἐνεᾰ́εσθον	ἐνεᾰέσθην	ἐνεᾰόμεθᾰ	ἐνεᾰ́εσθε	ἐνεᾰ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐνέων, ἐνεώμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐνέων	ἐνέᾱς	ἐνέᾱ	ἐνεᾶτον	ἐνεᾱ́την	ἐνεῶμεν	ἐνεᾶτε	ἐνέων
middle/passive	indicative	ἐνεώμην	ἐνεῶ	ἐνεᾶτο	ἐνεᾶσθον	ἐνεᾱ́σθην	ἐνεώμεθᾰ	ἐνεᾶσθε	ἐνεῶντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: νεάσω, νεάσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	νεάσω	νεάσεις	νεάσει	νεάσετον	νεάσετον	νεάσομεν	νεάσετε	νεάσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	νεάσοιμῐ	νεάσοις	νεάσοι	νεάσοιτον	νεασοίτην	νεάσοιμεν	νεάσοιτε	νεάσοιεν
middle	indicative	νεάσομαι	νεάσῃ, νεάσει	νεάσεται	νεάσεσθον	νεάσεσθον	νεασόμεθᾰ	νεάσεσθε	νεάσονται
middle	optative	νεασοίμην	νεάσοιο	νεάσοιτο	νεάσοισθον	νεασοίσθην	νεασοίμεθᾰ	νεάσοισθε	νεάσοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		νεάσειν			νεάσεσθαι
participle	m	νεάσων			νεασόμενος
	f	νεάσουσᾰ			νεασομένη
	n	νεᾶσον			νεασόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἐνέασᾰ, ἐνεασᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐνέασᾰ	ἐνέασᾰς	ἐνέασε(ν)	ἐνεάσᾰτον	ἐνεασᾰ́την	ἐνεάσᾰμεν	ἐνεάσᾰτε	ἐνέασᾰν
	subjunctive	νεάσω	νεάσῃς	νεάσῃ	νεάσητον	νεάσητον	νεάσωμεν	νεάσητε	νεάσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	νεάσαιμῐ	νεάσειᾰς, νεάσαις	νεάσειε(ν), νεάσαι	νεάσαιτον	νεασαίτην	νεάσαιμεν	νεάσαιτε	νεάσειᾰν, νεάσαιεν
	imperative		νέασον	νεασᾰ́τω	νεάσᾰτον	νεασᾰ́των		νεάσᾰτε	νεασᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐνεασᾰ́μην	ἐνεάσω	ἐνεάσᾰτο	ἐνεάσᾰσθον	ἐνεασᾰ́σθην	ἐνεασᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐνεάσᾰσθε	ἐνεάσᾰντο
	subjunctive	νεάσωμαι	νεάσῃ	νεάσηται	νεάσησθον	νεάσησθον	νεασώμεθᾰ	νεάσησθε	νεάσωνται
	optative	νεασαίμην	νεάσαιο	νεάσαιτο	νεάσαισθον	νεασαίσθην	νεασαίμεθᾰ	νεάσαισθε	νεάσαιντο
	imperative		νέασαι	νεασᾰ́σθω	νεάσᾰσθον	νεασᾰ́σθων		νεάσᾰσθε	νεασᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		νεᾶσαι			νεάσᾰσθαι
participle	m	νεάσᾱς			νεασᾰ́μενος
	f	νεάσᾱσᾰ			νεασᾰμένη
	n	νεᾶσᾰν			νεασᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 28
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “νέος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1009

“νεάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“νεάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
νεάω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
νεάω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

[Ringe_2006-1] Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 28

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “νέος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1009

[1]

[2]