や


や U+3084, や
HIRAGANA LETTER YA
← ゃ
[U+3083] 		Hiragana ゅ →
[U+3085]

Japanese

Stroke order

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ja̠]

Etymology 1

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 也 in the cursive sōsho style.

Syllable

や • (ya) 

  1. The hiragana syllable や (ya). Its equivalent in katakana is ヤ (ya). It is the thirty-sixth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is や行あ段 (ya-gyō a-dan, “row ya, section a”).
See also

Etymology 2

Particle

や • (ya) 

  2. (parallel-marking) used to express a nonexhaustive list: and, or
    お年寄(としよ)りや体(からだ)の不自(ふじ)由(ゆう)な方(かた)は登(とう)録(ろく)しませんか。
    O-toshiyori ya karada no fujiyū na kata wa tōroku shimasen ka.
    Don’t seniors and the physically handicapped [and maybe others] register?
    最(さい)近(きん)は犬(いぬ)や猫(ねこ)を飼(か)っている人(ひと)は多(おお)い。
    Saikin wa inu ya neko o katte iru hito wa ōi.
    These days, many people have dogs and cats [and maybe other animals].
  3. (conjunctive) (immediately) upon
    猫(ねこ)が私(わたし)を見(み)るや逃(に)げた。
    Neko ga watashi o miru ya nigeta.
    The cat ran away upon seeing me.
  4. (final)
    1. used to mark an exclamation
    2. used to show indifference
      まあ、いいや。 ― Mā, ii ya. ― Eh, whatever.
  5. (interjectory)
    1. placed after a name to call someone
    2. used to emphasise certain adverbs
      ましてや ― mashite ya ― much less; to say nothing of
      さぞや ― sazo ya ― certainly; surely
Usage notes
  • Nonexhaustive list marker (etymology 2 sense 1):
    • Implies that the list is not limited to the items named. Contrast with と (to), used to imply that the list is limited to the stated nouns.
    • Not used in legal documents or academic papers due to the lack of comprehensiveness or exhaustiveness.
    • May appear:
      • After every item of the list: AやBやCやDや.
      • Between every item of the list (but not after the last one): AやBやCやD.
      • Between the first two items, and nothing (or a pause) between the others (in text perhaps a comma): AやB、C、D.
Derived terms

(conjunctive):

Etymology 3

Phonetic change of じゃ (ja) in the late Edo period.

Verb

や • (ya) 

  1. (Kansai, Shikoku, Hokuriku, Fukuoka) to be
    Synonyms: (standard) だ (da), (dialect) じゃ (ja)
    はよせーや！ ― hayo sē ya! ― (dialect) Hurry the hell up!
    まあ、ぼちぼちやなあ。
    Mā, bochibochi ya nā.
    Well, things are slow. (a stereotypical Ōsaka expression)
Usage notes
Conjugation
Conjugation of "や" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") や ya
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") で de
Shūshikei ("terminal") や ya
Rentaikei ("attributive") である de aru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") なら
であれ 		nara
de are
Meireikei ("imperative") - -
Key constructions
Passive - -
Causative - -
Potential - -
Volitional やろう¹ yarō¹
Negative やない ya nai
Negative continuative やのうて²
やなくて² 		ya nōte²
ya nakute²
Formal です, だす³, どす³ desu, dasu³, dosu³
Perfective やった yatta
Conjunctive で
やって 		de
yatte
Hypothetical conditional ならば
であれば
やったら 		naraba
de areba
yattara

¹ usually shortened to やろ (yaro). ² often instead expressed with とちごうて (tochigōte). ³ だす (dasu) is used in traditional Ōsaka dialect and どす (dosu) is used in traditional Kyōto dialect.

Etymology 4

Alternative spelling
嫌

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Adjective

や • (ya) -na (adnominal やな (ya na), adverbial やに (ya ni))

  1. (informal) alternative form of いや (iya)
    学(がっ)校(こう)はやだ。 ― Gakkō wa ya da. ― I don't wanna go to school.
Inflection
Inflection of や
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) やだろ ya daro
Continuative (連用形) やで ya de
Terminal (終止形) やだ ya da
Attributive (連体形) やな ya na
Hypothetical (仮定形) やなら ya nara
Imperative (命令形) やであれ ya de are
Key constructions
Informal negative やではない
やじゃない 		ya de wa nai
ya ja nai
Informal past やだった ya datta
Informal negative past やではなかった
やじゃなかった 		ya de wa nakatta
ya ja nakatta
Formal やです ya desu
Formal negative やではありません
やじゃありません 		ya de wa arimasen
ya ja arimasen
Formal past やでした ya deshita
Formal negative past やではありませんでした
やじゃありませんでした 		ya de wa arimasen deshita
ya ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive やで ya de
Conditional やなら（ば） ya nara (ba)
Provisional やだったら ya dattara
Volitional やだろう ya darō
Adverbial やに ya ni
Degree やさ yasa
See also

Etymology 5

See also Okinawan や (ya) below.

Particle

や • (ya) 

  1. (Kyūshū) alternative form of は (wa, topic marker)

See also

  • ば (ba, object marker)

Etymology 6

For pronunciation and definitions of や – see the following entries.
【矢】2
[noun] (archery, weaponry) an arrow
[noun] a wedge used to break hard objects such as wood or stone
[noun] a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of arrows
[proper noun] a place name
Alternative spelling
箭
【屋】3
[noun] house
[suffix] shop, establishment
[suffix] someone who sells or does that thing; -ist
[suffix] someone with that characteristic
Alternative spelling
家
【八】1
[noun] eight
【輻】H
[noun] spoke (of a wheel)
【谷】2
[noun] a valley
(This term, や (ya), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.)
For a list of all kanji read as や, see Category:Japanese kanji read as や.

(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: 家.)

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Okinawan

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *wa, from Proto-Japonic *pa. Cognate with Japanese は (wa).

Pronunciation

Particle

や (ya) 

  1. topic marker
    今日(ちゅー)や良(い)い天気(てぃんち)でーびる。
    Chū-ya ii tinchi dēbiru.
    It is a fine day.
    (literally, “today + as for + good + weather + is”)

Usage notes

Used after words ending in long vowels.

References

  • “や” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
  • 1902, E. R. Edwards, nouts ɔn kəɹiən ən ˈluwˈtʃuwən, in lə mɛːtrə fɔnetik, p.114
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