qara

See also: qará and q'ara

Azerbaijani

Other scripts
Cyrillic		гара
Arabic		قارا

Alternative forms

(Tabriz, also colloquial) qərə

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara. Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (kara, “black”), Turkish kara, Chuvash хура (hura), etc.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɡɑˈrɑ]
(Tabriz) IPA^(key): [ɡæˈræ]^[1]^[2]
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: qa‧ra

Adjective

qara (comparative daha qara, superlative ən qara, intensive qapqara)

black
(only in combination with the verb basmaq) scary hallucination; ghost; nightmare, especially one associated with sleep paralysis
Synonym: qara-qura

məni qara basdı ― I hallucinated; I imagined something scary and unreal

Derived terms

qarabasma
qaragöz
- qaragözlü
qaralamaq (“to blacken”)
- qaralama (“draft”)

References

Orucov, Əliheydər, editor (2006), “qara”, in Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti [Explanatory Dictionary of the Azerbaijani Language]‎^[2] (in Azerbaijani), 2nd edition, volume 3, Baku: Şərq-Qərb, pages 45-47

^ Haneda, Koichi (2009—2010), “qara”, in لغات لهجه‌ی تبریز [Vocabulary of Tabrizi Dialect] (in Persian), Tabriz: یاران, →ISBN, page 96
^ Səlimi, Hüseynqulu (1976) A generative phonology of Azerbaijani (PhD)‎^[1], University of Florida, page 130: “The Tabriz pronunciation for 'Fold (it)!' is not [gatda], but [gætdæ]. There are other words, too, which reflect a breach of syn-harmony in Tabriz speech, as in [gæræ] < /gara/ gara 'black', etc.”

Crimean Tatar

Other scripts
Cyrillic	къара
Roman

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kara

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: qa‧ra

Adjective

qara

black

Verb

qara (Northern dialect)

second-person singular imperative of qaramaq

References

“qara”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

Karaim

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara

Adjective

qara

black

References

Gulayhan Aqtay; Henryk Jankowski (2015), A Crimean Karaim-English Dictionary, page 290

Karakalpak

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [qɑˈrɑ]
Hyphenation: qa‧ra

Adjective

qara

black

Antonyms

aq

Khalaj

Perso-Arabic		قارا

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara.

Pronunciation

(Mansûrâbâdî, Talxâbî) IPA^(key): [ɢ̥ɒɾa]
(Xarrâbî) IPA^(key): [qaɾa]

Adjective

qara

black
Antonym: hürün

Noun

qara (definite accusative qarañ, plural qaralar)

nightmare

Declension

Declension of *qara*
	singular	plural
nominative	qara	qaralar
genitive	qarañ	qaralarııñ
dative	qaraqa	qaralarqa
definite accusative	qarañ	qaraları
locative	qaraça	qaralarça
ablative	qarada	qaralarda
instrumental	qarala	qaralarla
equative	qaravâra	qaralarvâra

Derived terms

qaralığ (“dark”)
qaralıq (“dark, darkness, blackness”)
qarayâaz (“spring”)

References

Doerfer, Gerhard (1971), Khalaj Materials, Indiana University, →ISBN
Doerfer, Gerhard (1980), Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó

Maltese

Root
q-r-j
6 terms

Etymology

From Arabic قَرَأَ (qaraʔa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʔa.ra/
Homophones: qara’, qargħa (except archaically)
Rhymes: -ara

Verb

qara (imperfect jaqra, past participle moqri, verbal noun qari)

to read
to size up

Conjugation

Conjugation of **qara** (Form I)
positive forms
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
perfect	m	qrajt	qrajt	qara	qrajna	qrajtu	qraw
perfect	f	qrajt	qrajt	qrat	qrajna	qrajtu	qraw
imperfect	m	naqra	taqra	jaqra	naqraw	taqraw	jaqraw
imperfect	f	naqra	taqra	taqra	naqraw	taqraw	jaqraw
imperative			aqra			aqraw

Quechua

Noun

qara

skin, leather, bark, peel, hide
agave, maguey; Agave americana

Usage notes

Not to be confused with q'ara.

Declension

Declension of *qara*
	singular	plural
nominative	qara	qarakuna
accusative	qarata	qarakunata
dative	qaraman	qarakunaman
genitive	qarap	qarakunap
locative	qarapi	qarakunapi
terminative	qarakama	qarakunakama
ablative	qaramanta	qarakunamanta
instrumental	qarawan	qarakunawan
comitative	qarantin	qarakunantin
abessive	qarannaq	qarakunannaq
comparative	qarahina	qarakunahina
causative	qararayku	qarakunarayku
benefactive	qarapaq	qarakunapaq
associative	qarapura	qarakunapura
distributive	qaranka	qarakunanka
exclusive	qaralla	qarakunalla

Possessive forms of qara

*ñuqap* - first-person singular
ñuqap (my)	singular	plural
nominative	qaray	qaraykuna
accusative	qarayta	qaraykunata
dative	qarayman	qaraykunaman
genitive	qaraypa	qaraykunap
locative	qaraypi	qaraykunapi
terminative	qaraykama	qaraykunakama
ablative	qaraymanta	qaraykunamanta
instrumental	qaraywan	qaraykunawan
comitative	qaraynintin	qaraykunantin
abessive	qarayninnaq	qaraykunannaq
comparative	qarayhina	qaraykunahina
causative	qarayrayku	qaraykunarayku
benefactive	qaraypaq	qaraykunapaq
associative	qaraypura	qaraykunapura
distributive	qarayninka	qaraykunanka
exclusive	qaraylla	qaraykunalla

*qampa* - second-person singular
qampa (your)	singular	plural
nominative	qarayki	qaraykikuna
accusative	qaraykita	qaraykikunata
dative	qaraykiman	qaraykikunaman
genitive	qaraykipa	qaraykikunap
locative	qaraykipi	qaraykikunapi
terminative	qaraykikama	qaraykikunakama
ablative	qaraykimanta	qaraykikunamanta
instrumental	qaraykiwan	qaraykikunawan
comitative	qaraykintin	qaraykikunantin
abessive	qaraykinnaq	qaraykikunannaq
comparative	qaraykihina	qaraykikunahina
causative	qaraykirayku	qaraykikunarayku
benefactive	qaraykipaq	qaraykikunapaq
associative	qaraykipura	qaraykikunapura
distributive	qaraykinka	qaraykikunanka
exclusive	qaraykilla	qaraykikunalla

*paypa* - third-person singular
paypa (his/her/its)	singular	plural
nominative	qaran	qarankuna
accusative	qaranta	qarankunata
dative	qaranman	qarankunaman
genitive	qaranpa	qarankunap
locative	qaranpi	qarankunapi
terminative	qarankama	qarankunakama
ablative	qaranmanta	qarankunamanta
instrumental	qaranwan	qarankunawan
comitative	qaranintin	qarankunantin
abessive	qaranninnaq	qarankunannaq
comparative	qaranhina	qarankunahina
causative	qaranrayku	qarankunarayku
benefactive	qaranpaq	qarankunapaq
associative	qaranpura	qarankunapura
distributive	qaraninka	qarankunanka
exclusive	qaranlla	qarankunalla

*ñuqanchikpa* - first-person inclusive plural
ñuqanchikpa (our(incl))	singular	plural
nominative	qaranchik	qaranchikkuna
accusative	qaranchikta	qaranchikkunata
dative	qaranchikman	qaranchikkunaman
genitive	qaranchikpa	qaranchikkunap
locative	qaranchikpi	qaranchikkunapi
terminative	qaranchikkama	qaranchikkunakama
ablative	qaranchikmanta	qaranchikkunamanta
instrumental	qaranchikwan	qaranchikkunawan
comitative	qaranchiknintin	qaranchikkunantin
abessive	qaranchikninnaq	qaranchikkunannaq
comparative	qaranchikhina	qaranchikkunahina
causative	qaranchikrayku	qaranchikkunarayku
benefactive	qaranchikpaq	qaranchikkunapaq
associative	qaranchikpura	qaranchikkunapura
distributive	qaranchikninka	qaranchikkunanka
exclusive	qaranchiklla	qaranchikkunalla

*ñuqaykup* - first-person exclusive plural
ñuqaykup (our(excl))	singular	plural
nominative	qarayku	qaraykukuna
accusative	qaraykuta	qaraykukunata
dative	qaraykuman	qaraykukunaman
genitive	qaraykupa	qaraykukunap
locative	qaraykupi	qaraykukunapi
terminative	qaraykukama	qaraykukunakama
ablative	qaraykumanta	qaraykukunamanta
instrumental	qaraykuwan	qaraykukunawan
comitative	qaraykuntin	qaraykukunantin
abessive	qaraykunnaq	qaraykukunannaq
comparative	qaraykuhina	qaraykukunahina
causative	qaraykurayku	qaraykukunarayku
benefactive	qaraykupaq	qaraykukunapaq
associative	qaraykupura	qaraykukunapura
distributive	qaraykunka	qaraykukunanka
exclusive	qaraykulla	qaraykukunalla

*qamkunap* - second-person plural
qamkunap (your(pl))	singular	plural
nominative	qaraykichik	qaraykichikkuna
accusative	qaraykichikta	qaraykichikkunata
dative	qaraykichikman	qaraykichikkunaman
genitive	qaraykichikpa	qaraykichikkunap
locative	qaraykichikpi	qaraykichikkunapi
terminative	qaraykichikkama	qaraykichikkunakama
ablative	qaraykichikmanta	qaraykichikkunamanta
instrumental	qaraykichikwan	qaraykichikkunawan
comitative	qaraykichiknintin	qaraykichikkunantin
abessive	qaraykichikninnaq	qaraykichikkunannaq
comparative	qaraykichikhina	qaraykichikkunahina
causative	qaraykichikrayku	qaraykichikkunarayku
benefactive	qaraykichikpaq	qaraykichikkunapaq
associative	qaraykichikpura	qaraykichikkunapura
distributive	qaraykichikninka	qaraykichikkunanka
exclusive	qaraykichiklla	qaraykichikkunalla

*paykunap* - third-person plural
paykunap (their)	singular	plural
nominative	qaranku	qarankukuna
accusative	qarankuta	qarankukunata
dative	qarankuman	qarankukunaman
genitive	qarankupa	qarankukunap
locative	qarankupi	qarankukunapi
terminative	qarankukama	qarankukunakama
ablative	qarankumanta	qarankukunamanta
instrumental	qarankuwan	qarankukunawan
comitative	qarankuntin	qarankukunantin
abessive	qarankunnaq	qarankukunannaq
comparative	qarankuhina	qarankukunahina
causative	qarankurayku	qarankukunarayku
benefactive	qarankupaq	qarankukunapaq
associative	qarankupura	qarankukunapura
distributive	qarankunka	qarankukunanka
exclusive	qarankulla	qarankukunalla

Salar

Etymology

Cognate with Turkmen gara.

Pronunciation

(Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA^(key): [qɑɻə́]
(Hualong, Qinghai; Xunhua, Qinghai; Gansu; Ili, Xinjiang) IPA^(key): [qɑɻɑ́]

Adjective

qara

black
Antonym: ax

Derived terms

qaralanğusı
qaraluq
qarangu
qarğaş

References

林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985), “qara”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar]‎^[3], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 4
马伟 [Ma Wei]; 朝克 [Chao Ke] (2014), “qara”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader]‎^[4], 1^st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Literature Press], →ISBN, page 113
马伟 (Ma Wei) (2016), “qara”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages - Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 青海师范大学 (Qinghai Normal University), Unpublished finalized project manuscript (国家社会科学基金项目结项稿, 定稿; National Social Science Fund of China), page 292
Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “qara”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon‎^[5], Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 104

Tatar

Adjective

qara

Latin spelling of кара (qara, “black”)

[1] Haneda, Koichi (2009—2010), “qara”, in لغات لهجه‌ی تبریز [Vocabulary of Tabrizi Dialect] (in Persian), Tabriz: یاران, →ISBN, page 96

[long_vowel-2] Səlimi, Hüseynqulu (1976) A generative phonology of Azerbaijani (PhD)‎^[1], University of Florida, page 130: “The Tabriz pronunciation for 'Fold (it)!' is not [gatda], but [gætdæ]. There are other words, too, which reflect a breach of syn-harmony in Tabriz speech, as in [gæræ] < /gara/ gara 'black', etc.”

[1]

[2]

ağ	boz	qara
qırmızı, al; tünd qırmızı	narıncı; qonur, qəhvəyi	sarı; tünd sarı
açıq yaşıl	yaşıl	salat; tünd yaşıl
mavi; firuzəyi	açıq göy	göy
bənövşəyi; indiqo	çəhrayı; açıq çəhrayı	çəhrayı