-tura

• -atura

From Latin -tūra.

-tura

1. -ing; -tion; -ure
   1. added to form nouns of mass or collection

      ‎attrezzo (“tool”) + ‎-tura → ‎attrezzatura (“equipment”)

      ‎fogna (“sewer”) + ‎-tura → ‎fognatura (“sewage system”)

      ‎magistrato (“magistrate”) + ‎-tura → ‎magistratura (“magistracy”)

   2. added to verbs form nouns relating to their action

      ‎fiorire (“to flower”) + ‎-tura → ‎fioritura (“flowering, blooming”)

      ‎potare (“to prune”) + ‎-tura → ‎potatura (“pruning”)

• -zione

• Artù, Ruta, Traù, ruta, urta

• -sūra

Somewhat uncertain, but appears to be from Proto-Indo-European *-tew- + *-r-eh₂. Note however that some cases are built on agentives in -tōr: e.g. cēnsūra, gladiātūra.^[1] The relationship to the future active participle ending -tūrus, also of uncertain origin, is disputed: Miller 2006 considers the ending of the participle to descend from a lost infinitive *esom,^[1] whereas Fortson 2007 rejects that hypothesis and derives the participle ending from *-rós.^[2] In any case, substantivizations like futūrus may have reinforced the use of -tūra.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈtuː.ra]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈtuː.ra]

-tūra f (genitive -tūrae); first declension

1. Used to form action nouns expressing concrete results as well as activities: -ing, -ure, -work

   Synonyms: -tiō, -tus

   ‎pingō, pingere, pīnxī, pī̆ctum (“to paint”) + ‎-tūra → ‎pictūra (“painting, picture”)

   ‎scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptum (“to write”) + ‎-tūra → ‎scrīptūra (“a writing, act of writing”)

Productive in earlier Latin, but gradually overtaken by -tiō.^[1]

This suffix is one of many (including -tus, -tor, -tiō, -tim, -tō, -tūra) that all use the same verb stem as the supine, perfect passive participle, and/or future active participle, found in the verb's fourth principal part. This stem is conventionally considered to end in -t- (or for some verbs, -s-), which would imply analyzing the suffixes as -us, -or, -io, -im, etc. However, from an etymological perspective it is more accurate to identify -t-/-s- as the initial consonant of these suffixes.

• Most 1st conjugation verbs attach -t- after the theme vowel -ā-: e.g. amō, amātor, but a few form this principal part differently: e.g. secō > sectiō. Similarly, many 4th conjugation verbs use -ī-t-, but some use other formations, e.g. saliō > saltō.
• 2nd conjugation verbs are less consistent. Many use -i-t- (moneō, monitor); some attach -t- after the final consonant of the root (doceō > doctor); a considerable number lack this principal part. Monosyllabic stems use -ē-t-: ex-pleō (stem plē-) > explētiō.
• Many 3rd conjugation verbs (and some 1st, 2nd and 4th) attach -t- directly after a consonant, which can cause complex changes. When -t- is placed after -t- or -d-, the consonants merge to -ss- (simplified to -s- if not preceded by short vowel): metō > messor, caedo > caesūra. Occasionally -s- is used after other consonants: curro > cursim, mergo > mersō. Before -t-, -b- -g- are regularly devoiced to -p- -c-: scrībō > scrīptor; frīgō > frīctus. The addition of -t- can be accompanied by various other changes, including vowel shortening, vowel lengthening, consonant insertion, or consonant deletion; see -tus for more information.

First-declension noun.

• -ūra