-turus
Latin
Etymology
Possibly derived ultimately from a form of Proto-Indo-European *-tus (found in the supine suffix -tum, -tū) followed by Proto-Indo-European *-rós (adjective-forming suffix). The suffix *-tūro- is only attested in Latin, so its creation may postdate Proto-Italic.[1][2]
Fortson 2007 hypothesizes that the starting point was pre-Latin *futūros (“going to be”) (Latin futūrus), built on the instrumental singular *futū of a pre-Latin abstract noun *futus by analogy to preexisting time-adjectives ending in *-ros, such as *mātūros (“early, soon”) (Latin mātūrus) and *sēros (“late”) (Latin sērus).
Fortson mentions and rejects the alternative etymologies deriving it from the agent noun suffix -tōr-, or from the supine followed by a lost infinitive *esom (with an assumed development from *-tū *esom to *-tūrom, followed by reanalysis as an adjective).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈtuː.rʊs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈtuː.rus]
Suffix
-tūrus
- ending of the future active participle
Usage notes
- Usually formed on the same stem as the supine and perfect passive participle/perfect active participle. However, a small number of verbs show distinct stems (e.g. morior, perfect active participle mortuus, future active participle moritūrus).[2]
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | -tūrus | -tūra | -tūrum | -tūrī | -tūrae | -tūra | |
| genitive | -tūrī | -tūrae | -tūrī | -tūrōrum | -tūrārum | -tūrōrum | |
| dative | -tūrō | -tūrae | -tūrō | -tūrīs | |||
| accusative | -tūrum | -tūram | -tūrum | -tūrōs | -tūrās | -tūra | |
| ablative | -tūrō | -tūrā | -tūrō | -tūrīs | |||
| vocative | -tūre | -tūra | -tūrum | -tūrī | -tūrae | -tūra | |
References
- ^ Fortson, Benjamin W. IV. (2007), “The origin of the Latin future active participle”, in Verba Docenti: Studies in Historical and Indo-European Linguistics Presented to Jay H. Jasanoff by Students, Colleagues, and Friends, Beech Stave Press, page 83−95
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vine, Brent (2017), “The morphology of Italic”, in Jared Klein, Brian Joseph and Matthias Fritz, editors, Volume 2 Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook, De Gruyter Mouton, page 795