-आपयति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

-ᬆᬧᬬᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
-အာပယတိ (Burmese script)
-आपयति (Devanagari script)
-ਆਪਯਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
-𑌆𑌪𑌯𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
-ꦄꦴꦥꦪꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
-𑂄𑂣𑂨𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
-អាបយតិ (Khmer script)
-ອາປຍຕິ (Lao script)
-ആപയതി (Malayalam script)
-ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢒᠠᠶᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
-𑘁𑘢𑘧𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
-ᠠᢗᢒᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
-𑦡𑧂𑧇𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
-𑐁𑐥𑐫𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
-ଆପଯତି (Odia script)
-ꢃꢦꢫꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
-𑆄𑆥𑆪𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
-𑖁𑖢𑖧𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
-ආපයති (Sinhalese script)
-𑩐𑩛𑩰𑩻𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
-𑚁𑚞𑚣𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
-ஆபயதி (Tamil script)
-อาปยติ (Thai script)
-ཨཱ་པ་ཡ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
-𑨀𑨊𑨞𑨪𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti, with an intervening unexplained -p-; this would make it a cognate with Latin -o. Otherwise, it is a secondary development in Sanskrit from -आ (-ā) +‎ -प्- (-p-) +‎ -अयति (-ayati).

Cognates include Latin -āre (the whole first conjugation in the present) together with its Proto-Italic ancestor *-āō, Ancient Greek -άω (-áō, contracted verb), Proto-Germanic *-ōną (referring to the whole conjugation in which the infinitive is *-ōną) and Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei (whence the infinite Proto-Slavic *-ati, referring again to the whole conjugation).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑː.pɐ́.jɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɑː.pɐ.jɐ.t̪i/

Suffix

-आपयति • (-āpáyati)

forms some denominative verbs, sometimes with causative meaning
‎कर्मकार (karmakāra, “worker, servant”) + ‎-आपयति (-āpayati) → ‎कर्मकारापयति (karmakārāpayati, “causes to work as a servant”)
forms some verbs of secondary derivation from roots
‎वृध् (vṛdh, “to grow”) + ‎-आपयति (-āpayati) → ‎वर्धापयति (vardhāpayati, “increases, exalts”)

Usage notes

This suffix is distinct from the causative -āpayati encountered from roots ending in -ā + -अयति (-ayati) (with intervening -p-), as in स्थापयति (sthāpayati). In the Middle Indo-Aryan period, this suffix increasing eclipsed the related -अयति (-ayati) in the causative sense. As with -अयति (-ayati), an entirely new verbal paradigm could be based on such a casuative/denominative verb by taking a seṭ the root to end in -आप्- (-āp-) or -आपय्- (-āpay-).

Conjugation

Present: -आ॒पय॑ति (-āpáyati), -आ॒पय॑ते (-āpáyate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	-आ॒पय॑ति -āpáyati	-आ॒पय॑तः -āpáyataḥ	-आ॒पय॑न्ति -āpáyanti	-आ॒पय॑ते -āpáyate	-आ॒पये॑ते -āpáyete	-आ॒पय॑न्ते -āpáyante
Second	-आ॒पय॑सि -āpáyasi	-आ॒पय॑थः -āpáyathaḥ	-आ॒पय॑थ -āpáyatha	-आ॒पय॑से -āpáyase	-आ॒पये॑थे -āpáyethe	-आ॒पय॑ध्वे -āpáyadhve
First	-आ॒पया॑मि -āpáyāmi	-आ॒पया॑वः -āpáyāvaḥ	-आ॒पया॑मः / -आ॒पया॑मसि¹ -āpáyāmaḥ / -āpáyāmasi¹	-आ॒पये॑ -āpáye	-आ॒पया॑वहे -āpáyāvahe	-आ॒पया॑महे -āpáyāmahe
Imperative
Third	-आ॒पय॑तु -āpáyatu	-आ॒पय॑ताम् -āpáyatām	-आ॒पय॑न्तु -āpáyantu	-आ॒पय॑ताम् -āpáyatām	-आ॒पये॑ताम् -āpáyetām	-आ॒पय॑न्ताम् -āpáyantām
Second	-आ॒पय॑ -āpáya	-आ॒पय॑तम् -āpáyatam	-आ॒पय॑त -āpáyata	-आ॒पय॑स्व -āpáyasva	-आ॒पये॑थाम् -āpáyethām	-आ॒पय॑ध्वम् -āpáyadhvam
First	-आ॒पया॑नि -āpáyāni	-आ॒पया॑व -āpáyāva	-आ॒पया॑म -āpáyāma	-आ॒पयै॑ -āpáyai	-आ॒पया॑वहै -āpáyāvahai	-आ॒पया॑महै -āpáyāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	-आ॒पये॑त् -āpáyet	-आ॒पये॑ताम् -āpáyetām	-आ॒पये॑युः -āpáyeyuḥ	-आ॒पये॑त -āpáyeta	-आ॒पये॑याताम् -āpáyeyātām	-आ॒पये॑रन् -āpáyeran
Second	-आ॒पयेः॑ -āpáyeḥ	-आ॒पये॑तम् -āpáyetam	-आ॒पये॑त -āpáyeta	-आ॒पये॑थाः -āpáyethāḥ	-आ॒पये॑याथाम् -āpáyeyāthām	-आ॒पये॑ध्वम् -āpáyedhvam
First	-आ॒पये॑यम् -āpáyeyam	-आ॒पये॑व -āpáyeva	-आ॒पये॑म -āpáyema	-आ॒पये॑य -āpáyeya	-आ॒पये॑वहि -āpáyevahi	-आ॒पये॑महि -āpáyemahi
Subjunctive
Third	-आ॒पया॑त् / -आ॒पया॑ति -āpáyāt / -āpáyāti	-आ॒पया॑तः -āpáyātaḥ	-आ॒पया॑न् -āpáyān	-आ॒पया॑ते / -आ॒पया॑तै -āpáyāte / -āpáyātai	-आ॒पयै॑ते -āpáyaite	-आ॒पय॑न्त / -आ॒पया॑न्तै -āpáyanta / -āpáyāntai
Second	-आ॒पयाः॑ / -आ॒पया॑सि -āpáyāḥ / -āpáyāsi	-आ॒पया॑थः -āpáyāthaḥ	-आ॒पया॑थ -āpáyātha	-आ॒पया॑से / -आ॒पया॑सै -āpáyāse / -āpáyāsai	-आ॒पयै॑थे -āpáyaithe	-आ॒पया॑ध्वै -āpáyādhvai
First	-आ॒पया॑नि -āpáyāni	-आ॒पया॑व -āpáyāva	-आ॒पया॑म -āpáyāma	-आ॒पयै॑ -āpáyai	-आ॒पया॑वहै -āpáyāvahai	-आ॒पया॑महै -āpáyāmahai
Participles
	-आ॒पय॑त् -āpáyat			-आ॒पय॑मान / -आपयान² -āpáyamāna / -āpayāna²
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit

Imperfect: -आपयत् (-āpayat), -आपयत (-āpayata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	-आपयत् -āpayat	-आपयताम् -āpayatām	-आपयन् -āpayan	-आपयत -āpayata	-आपयेताम् -āpayetām	-आपयन्त -āpayanta
Second	-आपयः -āpayaḥ	-आपयतम् -āpayatam	-आपयत -āpayata	-आपयथाः -āpayathāḥ	-आपयेथाम् -āpayethām	-आपयध्वम् -āpayadhvam
First	-आपयम् -āpayam	-आपयाव -āpayāva	-आपयाम -āpayāma	-आपये -āpaye	-आपयावहि -āpayāvahi	-आपयामहि -āpayāmahi

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms suffixed with -आपयति

Descendants

Prakrit: -𑀆𑀯𑁂𑀤𑀺 (-āvedi)
- Gurjara Apabhramsa:
  - Old Gujarati: -आविवउं (-āvivaũ)
  - Gujarati: -આવવું (-āvavũ)
- Marathi: -आवणे (-āvṇe)
- Nepali: -आउनु (-āunu)
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: -आना (-ānā)
  
  Urdu: آنا (ānā)
- Old Punjabi: -ਆਵਣਾ (-āvaṇā)
  - Gurmukhi script: -ਆਉਣਾ (-āuṇā)
- Romani: -avel
Pali: -āpeti

References

Masica, Colin P. (1993), The Indo-Aryan Languages (Cambridge Language Surveys), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 318