वृध्
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- वर्ध् (vardh)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৱৃধ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬺᬥ᭄ (Balinese script)
- বৃধ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰴𑰠𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀾𑀥𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ဝၖဓ် (Burmese script)
- વૃધ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਵ੍ਰਧ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑍃𑌧𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦽꦣ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑃂𑂡𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ವೃಧ್ (Kannada script)
- វ្ឫធ៑ (Khmer script)
- ວ຺ຣິຘ຺ (Lao script)
- വൃധ് (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᡵᡳᢡ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘵𑘠𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠷᠢᢑᠾ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧖𑧀𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐺𑐢𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଵୃଧ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢮꢺꢤ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆸𑆣𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖴𑖠𑖿 (Siddham script)
- වෘධ් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩙𑩮 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚜𑚶 (Takri script)
- வ்ரித்⁴ (Tamil script)
- వృధ్ (Telugu script)
- วฺฤธฺ (Thai script)
- ཝྲྀ་དྷ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒵𑒡𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨜𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwardʰ-
Sanskrit वृध्
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwardʰ-, from a possible Proto-Indo-European root *Hwerdʰ- of uncertain further origin.
Schindler, citing Krisch, takes the root as a metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow, rise”), whence रोधति (rodhati, “to grow, sprout”).[1][2] Alternative theories include a connection to Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; strong”). The root may have been contaminated by semantically similar roots such as the one underlying ऋध् (ṛdh, “to prosper”).[3] See rose (in the "flower" sense) for more.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋr̩dʱ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋr̩d̪ʱ/
Root
वृध् • (vṛdh)
Derived terms
Primary verbal forms
Secondary forms
- व॒र्धय॑ति (vardháyati, causative)
- व॒र्धा॒पय॑ति (vardhāpáyati, causative)
- अवी॑वृधत् (ávīvṛdhat, causative aorist)
- विवर्धिषते (vivardhiṣate, desiderative)
- विवृत्सति (vivṛtsati, desiderative)
- वरिवृध्यते (varivṛdhyate, intensive)
- वरिवृधीति (varivṛdhīti, intensive)
Non-finite forms
- वृ॒द्ध (vṛddhá, past participle)
- वर्धितुम् (vardhitum, infinitive)
- वृ॒धे (vṛdhé, infinitive)
- वृ॒धसे॑ (vṛdháse, infinitive)
- वा॒वृ॒धध्यै॑ (vāvṛdhádhyai, infinitive)
- व॒र्धि॒त्वा (vardhitvā́, gerund)
- वृ॒द्ध्वा (vṛddhvā́, gerund)
- व॒र्ध॒नीय॑ (vardhanī́ya, gerundive)
- व॒र्धि॒त॒व्य (vardhitavyá, gerundive)
Derived nominal forms
Prefixed root forms
- प्रवृध् (pravṛdh)
- विवर्ध् (vivardh)
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root वृध् (0 c, 9 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root वृध् (9 c, 0 e)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “VṚDH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 574
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “VARDH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 520
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*(H)u̯ard”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 208
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “वृध्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1010, column 2.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 164
- Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*Hard”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163
- Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*Hraud”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 193
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *u̯elH-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 676