進行

See also: 进行

Chinese

	advance; enter; to come in	to go; to do; capable to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behaviour; conduct; a row; profession; professional
trad. (進行)	進	行
simp. (进行)	进	行
anagram	行進／行进

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìnxíng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zeon³ hang⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chin-hàng

(Hailu, HRS): zin^ˇ hang

(Meixian, Guangdong): jin⁴ hang²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chìn-hêng

(Teochew, Peng'im): zing³ gian⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìnxíng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìnsíng
  - Wade–Giles: chin⁴-hsing²
  - Yale: jìn-syíng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinnshyng
  - Palladius: цзиньсин (czinʹsin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    盡行 / 尽行
    禁行
    進行 / 进行
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zeon³ hang⁴
  - Yale: jeun hàhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen³ hang⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: zên³ heng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵn³³ hɐŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chin-hàng
  - Hakka Romanization System: jin hang^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jin⁴ hang²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sin⁵⁵ haŋ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zin^ˇ hang
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sin¹¹ haŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: jin⁴ hang²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕin⁵³⁻⁵⁵ haŋ¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chìn-hêng
  - Tâi-lô: tsìn-hîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cienheeng
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɪŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zing³ gian⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsìng kiâⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kĩã⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsinH haeng

Rime
Character	進	行
Reading #	1/1	2/4
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	即刃切	戸庚切
Baxter	tsinH	haeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siɪn^H/	/ɦˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sin^H/	/ɦᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjen^H/	/ɣaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sin^H/	/ɦaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡siĕn^H/	/ɣɐŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭĕn^H/	/ɣɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ĕn^H/	/ɣɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìn	héng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zan³	hang⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts][i][n]-s Cə.[ɡ]ˤraŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔslins ɡraːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	進	行
Reading #	1/1	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìn	xíng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsin^H ›	‹ hæng ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts][i][n]-s/	/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁraŋ/
English	advance (v.)	walk (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	進	行
Reading #	1/1	3/4
No.	6775	13867
Phonetic component	進	行
Rime group	眞	陽
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	晉	行
Old Chinese	/*ʔslins/	/*ɡraːŋ/

Verb

進行

(formal) to proceed with; to carry out; to conduct; to be in progress
進行研究／进行研究 ― jìnxíng yánjiū ― to conduct research

進行交易／进行交易 ― jìnxíng jiāoyì ― to conduct a transaction; to strike a deal

對癌症進行篩檢／对癌症进行筛检 ― duì áizhèng jìnxíng shāijiǎn ― to screen for cancer

工作進行得很順利。 [MSC, trad.]
工作进行得很顺利。 [MSC, simp.]
Gōngzuò jìnxíng de hěn shùnlì. [Pinyin]
Work is going well.

請對本次服務進行評價。 [MSC, trad.]
请对本次服务进行评价。 [MSC, simp.]
Qǐng duì běn cì fúwù jìnxíng píngjià. [Pinyin]
Please rate this service.

最終協議的談判正在悄悄進行。 [MSC, trad.]
最终协议的谈判正在悄悄进行。 [MSC, simp.]
Zuìzhōng xiéyì de tánpàn zhèngzài qiāoqiāo jìnxíng. [Pinyin]
Negotiations on the final agreement are progressing in secret.
- 2008年的美國大選是在金融危機的背景下進行的。 [MSC, trad.]
  2008年的美国大选是在金融危机的背景下进行的。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2008: Zhou Qi (周琪), 【美國大選觀察】奧巴馬為什麼大勝？
  2008 nián de měiguó dàxuǎn shì zài jīnróng wēijī de bèijǐng xià jìnxíng de. [Pinyin]
  The US presidential election of 2008 unfolded in the context of the economic crisis.
to advance; to march

Synonyms

(to proceed with):

edit

展開 / 展开 (zhǎnkāi)
舉行 / 举行 (jǔxíng)
舉辦 / 举办 (jǔbàn)
開展 / 开展 (kāizhǎn)

(to advance):

edit

上前 (shàngqián)
前進 / 前进 (qiánjìn)
往前走 (wǎng qián zǒu)
行進 / 行进 (xíngjìn)
行駛 / 行驶 (xíngshǐ)
躍進 / 跃进 (yuèjìn)
進前 / 进前 (jìnqián) (literary)

Derived terms

和弦進行 / 和弦进行 (héxiánjìnxíng)
進行式 / 进行式 (jìnxíngshì)
進行性 / 进行性 (jìnxíngxìng)
進行曲 / 进行曲 (jìnxíngqǔ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (進行):

→ Japanese: 進行(しんこう) (shinkō)
→ Korean: 진행(進行) (jinhaeng)
→ Vietnamese: tiến hành (進行)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
進	行
しん Grade: 3	こう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しんこー [shìńkóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ɕĩŋko̞ː]

Noun

進(しん)行(こう) • (shinkō) ^{←しんかう (sinkau)^?}

an advance; progress

Verb

進(しん)行(こう)する • (shinkō suru) intransitive suru (stem 進(しん)行(こう)し (shinkō shi), past 進(しん)行(こう)した (shinkō shita))

make progress

Conjugation

Conjugation of "進行する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	進行し	しんこうし	shinkō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	進行し	しんこうし	shinkō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	進行する	しんこうする	shinkō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	進行する	しんこうする	shinkō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	進行すれ	しんこうすれ	shinkō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	進行せよ¹ 進行しろ²	しんこうせよ¹ しんこうしろ²	shinkō seyo¹ shinkō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	進行される	しんこうされる	shinkō sareru
Causative	進行させる進行さす	しんこうさせるしんこうさす	shinkō saseru shinkō sasu
Potential	進行できる	しんこうできる	shinkō dekiru
Volitional	進行しよう	しんこうしよう	shinkō shiyō
Negative	進行しない	しんこうしない	shinkō shinai
Negative continuative	進行せず	しんこうせず	shinkō sezu
Formal	進行します	しんこうします	shinkō shimasu
Perfective	進行した	しんこうした	shinkō shita
Conjunctive	進行して	しんこうして	shinkō shite
Hypothetical conditional	進行すれば	しんこうすれば	shinkō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“進行”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
進	行

Noun

進行 • (jinhaeng) (hangeul 진행)

hanja form^? of 진행 (“an advance; progress”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
進	行

Verb

進行

chữ Hán form of tiến hành (“to proceed”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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