正常

Chinese

		just (right); main; upright just (right); main; upright; straight; correct; principle; Chinese 1st month of year	always; ever; often always; ever; often; frequently; common; general; constant
simp. and trad. (正常)		正	常

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhèngcháng

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ ㄔㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zing³ soeng⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chṳn-sòng

(Hailu, HRS): zhin^ˇ shong
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing⁴ syorng² / zing⁴ syoeng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chèng-siông / chèng-siâng

(Teochew, Peng'im): zian³ siên⁵ / zian³ sion⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsen-zan

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhèngcháng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ ㄔㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhèngcháng
  - Wade–Giles: chêng⁴-chʻang²
  - Yale: jèng-cháng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenqcharng
  - Palladius: чжэнчан (čžɛnčan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zing³ soeng⁴
  - Yale: jing sèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzing³ soeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: jing³ sêng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ³³ sœːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳn-sòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: ziin song^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zin⁴ song²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn⁵⁵ soŋ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zhin^ˇ shong
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃin¹¹ ʃoŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zing⁴ syorng² [Phonetic: zing⁴ nyorng²]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ci̍ng-sió̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁴² ^(ɬ-)nyɒŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zing⁴ syoeng² [Phonetic: zing¹ nyoeng²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(ɬ-)nyøŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng-siông
  - Tâi-lô: tsìng-siông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeangsioong
  - Sinological IPA (Singapore): /t͡seŋ²¹⁻⁴² siɔŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng-siâng
  - Tâi-lô: tsìng-siâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeangsiaang
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ siaŋ¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zian³ siên⁵ / zian³ sion⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiàⁿ siêⁿ / tsiàⁿ siôⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sĩẽ⁵⁵/, /t͡sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sĩõ⁵⁵/

Note:

zian3 siên5 - Chaozhou;
zian3 sion5 - Shantou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsen-zan
  - MiniDict: tsen^去 zan
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsen-zan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən³³ zã⁴⁴/

Adjective

正常

normal; regular; ordinary
正常開放／正常开放 ― zhèngcháng kāifàng ― to be open as normal

毒物質含量超過正常許可值數倍。 [MSC, trad.]
毒物质含量超过正常许可值数倍。 [MSC, simp.]
Dúwùzhì hánliàng chāoguò zhèngcháng xǔkězhí shù bèi. [Pinyin]
The content of toxins in the substance exceeds twice the allowed quantity.

Synonyms

edit

一般 (yībān)
一般化 (yībānhuà)
一般子 (i⁶ ban¹ zr) (Xiang)
俗 (Xiamen Hokkien)
凡庸 (fányōng)
尋常 / 寻常 (xúncháng)
對頭 / 对头 (chiefly in the negative)
平凡 (píngfán)
平常 (píngcháng)
平庸 (píngyōng)
平板 (píngbǎn)
平淡 (píngdàn)
普通 (pǔtōng)
泛泛 (fànfàn)
簡單 / 简单 (jiǎndān)
通常 (tōngcháng)

Antonyms

不正常 (bùzhèngcháng)
失常 (shīcháng)
異常／异常 (yìcháng)

Derived terms

不正常 (bùzhèngcháng)
正常化 (zhèngchánghuà)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
正	常
せい Grade: 1	じょう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Etymology

Middle Chinese 正常

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せーじょー [sèéjóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [se̞ːʑo̞ː]

Adjective

正(せい)常(じょう) • (seijō) ^{←せいじやう (seizyau)^?}-na (adnominal 正(せい)常(じょう)な (seijō na), adverbial 正(せい)常(じょう)に (seijō ni))

normal

Inflection

Inflection of 正常
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	正常だろ	せいじょうだろ	seijō daro
Continuative (連用形)	正常で	せいじょうで	seijō de
Terminal (終止形)	正常だ	せいじょうだ	seijō da
Attributive (連体形)	正常な	せいじょうな	seijō na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	正常なら	せいじょうなら	seijō nara
Imperative (命令形)	正常であれ	せいじょうであれ	seijō de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	正常ではない正常じゃない	せいじょうではないせいじょうじゃない	seijō de wa nai seijō ja nai
Informal past	正常だった	せいじょうだった	seijō datta
Informal negative past	正常ではなかった正常じゃなかった	せいじょうではなかったせいじょうじゃなかった	seijō de wa nakatta seijō ja nakatta
Formal	正常です	せいじょうです	seijō desu
Formal negative	正常ではありません正常じゃありません	せいじょうではありませんせいじょうじゃありません	seijō de wa arimasen seijō ja arimasen
Formal past	正常でした	せいじょうでした	seijō deshita
Formal negative past	正常ではありませんでした正常じゃありませんでした	せいじょうではありませんでしたせいじょうじゃありませんでした	seijō de wa arimasen deshita seijō ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	正常で	せいじょうで	seijō de
Conditional	正常なら（ば）	せいじょうなら（ば）	seijō nara (ba)
Provisional	正常だったら	せいじょうだったら	seijō dattara
Volitional	正常だろう	せいじょうだろう	seijō darō
Adverbial	正常に	せいじょうに	seijō ni
Degree	正常さ	せいじょうさ	seijōsa

Derived terms

正常位(せいじょうい) (seijōi, “missionary position”)

Noun

正(せい)常(じょう) • (seijō) ^{←せいじやう (seizyau)^?}

something that is normal, normality

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“正常”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]