異常

See also: 异常

Chinese

		different; unusual; strange	always; ever; often always; ever; often; frequently; common; general; constant
trad. (異常)		異	常
simp. (异常)		异	常

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yìcháng

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ ㄔㄤˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yi⁴ cang²
Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁶ soeng⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yi-sòng

(Hailu, HRS): rhi^ˇ shong
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): i⁵ syorng² / i⁵ syoeng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ī-siông / ī-siâng

(Teochew, Peng'im): i⁶ sion⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yìcháng
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ㄔㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yìcháng
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴-chʻang²
  - Yale: yì-cháng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yihcharng
  - Palladius: ичан (ičan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yi⁴ cang²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: icang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹³ t͡sʰaŋ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ji⁶ soeng⁴
  - Yale: yih sèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁶ soeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi⁶ sêng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː²² sœːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi-sòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: i song^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴ song²
  - Sinological IPA: /i⁵⁵ soŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi-sòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i song^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴ song²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i⁵⁵ soŋ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhi^ˇ shong
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒi¹¹ ʃoŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: i⁵ syorng²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ī-sió̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i¹¹ ɬyɒŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: i⁵ syoeng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹ ɬyøŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ī-siông
  - Tâi-lô: ī-siông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ixsioong
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /i³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /i²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /i³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ī-siâng
  - Tâi-lô: ī-siâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ixsiaang
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /i²²⁻²¹ siaŋ¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: i⁶ sion⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ĭ siôⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³⁵⁻¹¹ sĩõ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: yiH dzyang

Rime
Character	異	常
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	羊吏切	市羊切
Baxter	yiH	dzyang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨ^H/	/d͡ʑɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/jɨ^H/	/d͡ʑiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ie^H/	/d͡ʑiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨ^H/	/d͡ʑɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/iə^H/	/ʑiaŋ/
Wang Li	/jĭə^H/	/ʑĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i^H/	/ʑi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì	cháng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji⁶	soeng⁴

Adjective

異常

abnormal; unusual; extraordinary; bizarre; out of the ordinary
他今天的行為極其異常。 [MSC, trad.]
他今天的行为极其异常。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā jīntiān de xíngwéi jíqí yìcháng. [Pinyin]
His behaviour today is very bizarre.

Synonyms

edit

不正常 (bùzhèngcháng)
失常 (shīcháng)
設景 / 设景 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
錯亂 / 错乱 (cuòluàn)

Antonyms

正常 (zhèngcháng)

Adverb

異常

extremely; particularly; exceedingly

Synonyms

edit

不要太 (bùyàotài) (slang)
十分 (shífēn)
危險 / 危险 (Wu)
壞 / 坏 (huài)
孔 (kǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
很 (hěn)
極其 / 极其 (jíqí)
極度 / 极度 (jídù)
極為 / 极为 (jíwéi)
極端 / 极端 (jíduān)
滾 / 滚 (gǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
老大 (lǎodà) (colloquial, usually in the negative)
良
超 (chāo)
非常 (fēicháng)
頗 / 颇 (pō) (literary)
頗為 / 颇为 (pōwéi) (literary)

Noun

異常

abnormality
經營異常／经营异常 ― jīngyíng yìcháng ― business abnormality
(programming) exception
抛出異常／抛出异常 ― pāochū yìcháng ― to throw an exception

捕獲異常／捕获异常 ― bǔhuò yìcháng ― to catch an exception

異常處理／异常处理 ― yìcháng chùlǐ ― exception handling

Derived terms

感覺異常 / 感觉异常 (gǎnjué yìcháng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (異常):

→ Japanese: 異(い)常(じょう) (ijō)
→ Korean: 이상(異常) (isang)
→ Vietnamese: dị thường (異常)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
異	常
い Grade: 6	じょう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Etymology

Literally, “deviance from normalcy.”

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いじょー [ìjóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [iʑo̞ː]

Adjective

異(い)常(じょう) • (ijō) ^{←いじやう (izyau)^?}-na (adnominal 異(い)常(じょう)な (ijō na), adverbial 異(い)常(じょう)に (ijō ni))

abnormal

Inflection

Inflection of 異常
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	異常だろ	いじょうだろ	ijō daro
Continuative (連用形)	異常で	いじょうで	ijō de
Terminal (終止形)	異常だ	いじょうだ	ijō da
Attributive (連体形)	異常な	いじょうな	ijō na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	異常なら	いじょうなら	ijō nara
Imperative (命令形)	異常であれ	いじょうであれ	ijō de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	異常ではない異常じゃない	いじょうではないいじょうじゃない	ijō de wa nai ijō ja nai
Informal past	異常だった	いじょうだった	ijō datta
Informal negative past	異常ではなかった異常じゃなかった	いじょうではなかったいじょうじゃなかった	ijō de wa nakatta ijō ja nakatta
Formal	異常です	いじょうです	ijō desu
Formal negative	異常ではありません異常じゃありません	いじょうではありませんいじょうじゃありません	ijō de wa arimasen ijō ja arimasen
Formal past	異常でした	いじょうでした	ijō deshita
Formal negative past	異常ではありませんでした異常じゃありませんでした	いじょうではありませんでしたいじょうじゃありませんでした	ijō de wa arimasen deshita ijō ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	異常で	いじょうで	ijō de
Conditional	異常なら（ば）	いじょうなら（ば）	ijō nara (ba)
Provisional	異常だったら	いじょうだったら	ijō dattara
Volitional	異常だろう	いじょうだろう	ijō darō
Adverbial	異常に	いじょうに	ijō ni
Degree	異常さ	いじょうさ	ijōsa

Classical conjugation of "異常なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	異常なら	いじやうなら	izyaunara
Continuative (連用形)	異常に^[1] 異常なり^[2]	いじやうにいじやうなり	izyauni izyaunari
Terminal (終止形)	異常なり	いじやうなり	izyaunari
Attributive (連体形)	異常なる	いじやうなる	izyaunaru
Realis (已然形)	異常なれ	いじやうなれ	izyaunare
Imperative (命令形)	異常なれ	いじやうなれ	izyaunare
Key constructions
Negative	異常ならず	いじやうならず	izyaunarazu
Contrasting conjunction	異常なれど	いじやうなれど	izyaunaredo
Causal conjunction	異常なれば	いじやうなれば	izyaunareba
Conditional conjunction	異常ならば	いじやうならば	izyaunaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	異常なりき	いじやうなりき	izyaunariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	異常なりけり	いじやうなりけり	izyaunarikeri
Adverbial	異常に	いじやうに	izyauni

^[1]Without auxiliary verb.
^[2]With auxiliary verb.

Noun

異(い)常(じょう) • (ijō) ^{←いじやう (izyau)^?}

abnormality

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“異常”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
異	常

Noun

異常 • (isang) (hangeul 이상)

hanja form^? of 이상 (“strange, abnormal, odd, weird, bizarre”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
異	常

Noun

異常

chữ Hán form of dị thường (“anomaly”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]