供
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Translingual
Han character
供 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人廿金 (OTC), four-corner 24281, composition ⿰亻共)
Derived characters
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 102, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 605
- Dae Jaweon: page 216, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 144, character 4
- Unihan data for U+4F9B
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
供 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 共 龔／龚 to supply | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 供 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
s05738 Transcribed ancient scripts L00855 L00856 |
|
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Characters in the same phonetic series (共) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 港 | *kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs |
| 巷 | *ɡroːŋs |
| 衖 | *ɡroːŋs |
| 鬨 | *ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs |
| 烘 | *qʰloːŋ, *qʰloːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, *ɡloːŋs |
| 洪 | *ɡloːŋ |
| 鉷 | *ɡloːŋ |
| 谼 | *ɡloːŋ |
| 葓 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 哄 | *ɡloːŋs |
| 蕻 | *ɡloːŋs |
| 恭 | *kloŋ |
| 供 | *kloŋ, *kloŋs |
| 龔 | *kloŋ |
| 珙 | *kloŋ, *kloŋʔ |
| 共 | *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs |
| 髸 | *kloŋ |
| 拱 | *kloŋʔ |
| 拲 | *kloŋʔ, *kloɡ |
| 蛬 | *kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ |
| 栱 | *kloŋʔ |
| 輁 | *kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ |
| 舼 | *ɡloŋ |
| 輂 | *kloɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kloŋ, *kloŋs): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gung1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): goeng1 / gyoeng1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gōng
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gong
- Wade–Giles: kung1
- Yale: gūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
- Palladius: гун (gun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, common mispronunciation)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gòng
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
- Wade–Giles: kung4
- Yale: gùng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
- Palladius: гун (gun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gung1
- Yale: gūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: gung1
- Guangdong Romanization: gung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
- Hakka Romanization System: giungˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: giung1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: giungˋ
- Sinological IPA: /kiuŋ⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: giung1
- Sinological IPA: /kiʊŋ⁴⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: goeng1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ge̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kœŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gyoeng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
- Tâi-lô: king
- Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
- Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
- Tâi-lô: kiong
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
Note:
- keng - vernacular;
- kiong - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gêng1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keng
- Sinological IPA (key): /keŋ³³/
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Zhoushan)
- Wugniu: 1kon
- MiniDict: kon平
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1kon
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Jiading): /koŋ⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /koŋ⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /koŋ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /koŋ⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /koŋ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /koŋ⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /koŋ⁵³/
- (Jinhua)
- Wugniu: 1kon
- Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /koŋ³³⁴/
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Zhoushan)
- Middle Chinese: kjowng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k<r>oŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋ/
Definitions
供
- to supply; to provide for
- to provide certain convenience or support
- to pay in installments
- alternative form of 恭 (gōng, “to respect”)
- a surname
Compounds
Descendants
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gung3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): gé̤ṳng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): goeng5 / gyoeng5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gòng
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
- Wade–Giles: kung4
- Yale: gùng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
- Palladius: гун (gun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gōng
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gong
- Wade–Giles: kung1
- Yale: gūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
- Palladius: гун (gun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note:
- gōng - Taiwan standard for “to confess; confession”, and Mainland standard for “to look after”. In actual usage, however, the two pronunciations are often confused.
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gung3
- Yale: gung
- Cantonese Pinyin: gung3
- Guangdong Romanization: gung3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng / kiung
- Hakka Romanization System: giungˊ / giung
- Hagfa Pinyim: giung1 / giung4
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/, /ki̯uŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: giungˇ
- Sinological IPA: /kiuŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: giung4
- Sinological IPA: /kiʊŋ⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: goeng5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gē̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kœŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gyoeng5
- Sinological IPA (key): /kyøŋ²¹/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiòng
- Tâi-lô: kiòng
- Phofsit Daibuun: kioxng
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴¹/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
- Tâi-lô: kìng
- Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Note:
- kiòng - literary;
- kèng - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gong3 / gêng1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kòng / keng
- Sinological IPA (key): /koŋ²¹³/, /keŋ³³/
Note: gêng1 - alternative reading.
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Shaoxing, Zhoushan)
- Wugniu: 5cion
- MiniDict: cion去
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2jion
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕioŋ³⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡ɕioŋ³⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /cioŋ³⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡ɕyoŋ³³/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕioŋ⁵²³/
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡ɕioŋ³³/
- Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡ɕyoŋ⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
- Wugniu: 5kon
- MiniDict: kon去
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2kon
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ³⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Jiading): /koŋ³⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /koŋ³⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /koŋ³³/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /koŋ⁵²³/
- Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /koŋ⁵²³/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /koŋ³³⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /koŋ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /koŋ⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Shaoxing)
- Wugniu: 5kuon
- MiniDict: kuon去
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /kuoŋ³³/
- (Jinhua)
- Wugniu: 5kon
- Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /koŋ⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Shaoxing, Zhoushan)
Note:
- 5cion - vernacular;
- 5kon/5kuon - literary.
- Middle Chinese: kjowngH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋs/
Definitions
供
- to present incense or offerings before the image of a god or the deceased; to enshrine and worship
- offering; tribute; sacrifice
- to assume office
- to confess; to own up; to make a confession of
- 供述 ― gōngshù ― to confess (in an interrogation)
- confession; admission; owning up
- to look after (one's parents or children etc.); to support
- (Hakka) to raise (children or animals); to feed (livestocks)
- 供豬仔／供猪仔 [Meixian Hakka] ― giung4 zu1 ê3 [Hakka Transliteration Scheme] ― to feed pigs
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 餵 (“to feed (an animal)”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 養 (“to raise; to rear (animals)”) [map]
Compounds
- 上供 (shànggòng)
- 不供
- 串供 (chuàngòng)
- 供事 (gòngshì)
- 供佛 (gòngfó)
- 供吐
- 供品 (gòngpǐn)
- 供奉 (gòngfèng)
- 供奠
- 供客
- 供尖
- 供床
- 供應 / 供应 (gōngyìng)
- 供承
- 供招
- 供攀
- 供月兒 / 供月儿
- 供果 (gòngguǒ)
- 供桌 (gòngzhuō)
- 供狀 / 供状 (gòngzhuàng)
- 供獻 / 供献
- 供碗
- 供稱 / 供称 (gòngchēng)
- 供職 / 供职 (gòngzhí)
- 供花
- 供茶
- 供詞 / 供词 (gòngcí)
- 供認 / 供认 (gòngrèn)
- 供述 (gòngshù)
- 供過 / 供过
- 供養 / 供养
- 口供
- 打供
- 打供太保
- 投供
- 招供 (zhāogòng)
- 擺供 / 摆供 (bǎigòng)
- 攀供
- 明伙畫供
- 炸供
- 煙雲供養 / 烟云供养
- 畫供 / 画供 (huàgòng)
- 筆供 / 笔供 (bǐgòng)
- 翻供 (fāngòng)
- 自供狀 / 自供状 (zìgòngzhuàng)
- 蜜供
- 親供 / 亲供
- 訊供 / 讯供
- 逼供 (bīgòng)
- 錄供 / 录供 (lùgòng)
- 香花供養 / 香花供养
- 齋供 / 斋供
Descendants
References
- “供”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
供
Readings
- Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō †)
- Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)←きよう (kyou, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: ぐ (gu)
- Kun: そなえる (sonaeru, 供える, Jōyō)、とも (tomo, 供, Jōyō)
Compounds
- 供え物 (sonaemono, “offering to gods”)
- 供物 (kumotsu, “offering to gods”)
- 供宴 (kyōen, “banquet”)
- 供応 (kyōō, “treating to dinner”)
- 供花 (kyōka, “floral offering”)
- 供犠 (kugi, “animal sacrifice”)
- 供給 (kyōkyū, “supply”)
- 供血 (kyōketsu, “blood donation”)
- 供御 (kugo, “emperor's meal”)
- 供祭 (gusai, “offering”)
- 供出 (kyōshutsu, “delivery”)
- 供述 (kyōjutsu, “affidavit”)
- 供進 (gushin, “giving an offering”)
- 供人 (tomobito, “companion”)
- 供勢 (tomozei, “servant”)
- 供託 (kyōtaku, “deposit”)
- 供米 (kyōmai, “rice delivered to the government”)
- 供奉 (gubu, “accompanying”)
- 供与 (kyōyo, “provision”)
- 供用 (kyōyō, “offer for use”)
- 供養 (kuyō, “memorial service”)
- 供覧 (kyōran, “display”)
- 供料 (kyōryō, “offering”)
- 口供 (kōkyō, “affidavit”)
- 自供 (jikyō, “confession”)
- 節供 (sekku, “seasonal festival”)
- 提供 (teikyō, “providing”)
- 私供 (watashidomo, “we”)
- 初節供 (hatsuzekku)
- 子供 (kodomo, “child”)
- 試供品 (shikyōhin, “free sample”)
Noun
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 供 |
| とも Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
供 • (tomo)
Derived terms
- 人身御供 (hitomi gokū, “human sacrifice”)
- 供回り (tomomawari)
- 供待ち (tomomachi, “attendant's waiting room”)
- 供揃い (tomozoroi, “attendants”)
References
- “供”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
Hanja
供 (eumhun 이바지할 공 (ibajihal gong))
- hanja form? of 공 (“contribute, supply, provide”)
Vietnamese
Han character
供: Hán Việt readings: cung[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], cúng[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
供: Nôm readings: cũng[2][3], cùng[1], củng[3]
- chữ Hán form of cung
- chữ Hán form of cúng (“(religion, occult) to give offerings, to enshrine, to worship”)
- chữ Nôm form of cùng (“with; and”)