धृ
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ধৃ (Assamese script)
- ᬥᬺ (Balinese script)
- ধৃ (Bengali script)
- 𑰠𑰴 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀥𑀾 (Brahmi script)
- ဓၖ (Burmese script)
- ધૃ (Gujarati script)
- ਧ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌧𑍃 (Grantha script)
- ꦣꦽ (Javanese script)
- 𑂡𑃂 (Kaithi script)
- ಧೃ (Kannada script)
- ធ្ឫ (Khmer script)
- ຘ຺ຣິ (Lao script)
- ധൃ (Malayalam script)
- ᢡᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘠𑘵 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠾᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧀𑧖 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐢𑐺 (Newa script)
- ଧୃ (Odia script)
- ꢤꢺ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆣𑆸 (Sharada script)
- 𑖠𑖴 (Siddham script)
- ධෘ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩮𑩙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚜 (Takri script)
- த்⁴ரி (Tamil script)
- ధృ (Telugu script)
- ธฺฤ (Thai script)
- དྷྲྀ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒡𑒵 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨜𑨼𑨉 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰar-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰar-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold, support”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /dʱr̩/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /d̪ʱr̩/
Root
धृ • (dhṛ)
- to hold
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.121.1:
- हि॒र॒ण्य॒ग॒र्भः सम॑वर्त॒ताग्रे॑ भू॒तस्य॑ जा॒तः पति॒रेक॑ आसीत् ।
स दा॑धार पृथि॒वीं द्यामु॒तेमां कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ॥- hiraṇyagarbháḥ sámavartatā́gre bhūtásya jātáḥ pátiréka āsīt.
sá dādhāra pṛthivī́ṃ dyā́mutémā́ṃ kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema. - Hiraṇyagarbha was present at the beginning; when born, he was the sole lord of created beings;
he upheld this earth and heaven-- let us offer worship with an oblation to the divine.
- hiraṇyagarbháḥ sámavartatā́gre bhūtásya jātáḥ pátiréka āsīt.
- हि॒र॒ण्य॒ग॒र्भः सम॑वर्त॒ताग्रे॑ भू॒तस्य॑ जा॒तः पति॒रेक॑ आसीत् ।
Usage notes
The (morphological) causative धारयति (dhāráyati) is in practice used as the main present verb.
Derived terms
Primary verbal forms
- धर॑ति (dhárati, present)
- ध॒रि॒ष्यति॑ (dhariṣyáti, future)
- ध॒र्ता (dhartā́, periphrastic future)
- अधा॑र्षीत् (ádhārṣīt, aorist)
- द॒धार॑ (dadhā́ra, perfect)
Secondary forms
- ध्रि॒यते॑ (dhriyáte, passive)
- अधा॑रि (ádhāri, passive aorist)
- धा॒रय॑ति (dhāráyati, causative)
- अदी॑धरत् (ádīdharat, causative aorist)
- धा॒र्यते॑ (dhāryáte, passive of causative)
- दिधीर्षति (didhīrṣati, desiderative)
- दिधारयिषति (didhārayiṣati, desiderative of causative)
- दर्ध॑र्ति (dárdharti, intensive)
Non-finite forms
- धृ॒त (dhṛtá, past participle)
- धर्तुम् (dhartum, infinitive)
- धर्तवै (dhartavai, infinitive)
- ध॒र्तरि॑ (dhartári, infinitive)
- धृ॒त्वा (dhṛtvā́, gerund)
- धर्तव्य (dhartavya, gerundive)
- धार्य (dhārya, gerundive)
- ध॒र॒णीय॑ (dharaṇī́ya, gerundive)
- धारित (dhārita, causative past participle)
- धारयितव्य (dhārayitavya, causative gerundive)
Derived nominal forms
- ध॒र (dhará)
- धर॑ण (dháraṇa)
- धरणि (dharaṇi)
- धरि॑त्री (dháritrī)
- धरिमन् (dhariman)
- धरी॑मन् (dhárīman)
- धरी॑यस् (dhárīyas)
- ध॒रुण॑ (dharúṇa)
- ध॒र्ण॒सि (dharṇasí)
- ध॒र्णि (dharṇí)
- ध॒र्तृ (dhartṛ́)
- ध॒र्त्र (dhartrá)
- धर्म॑ (dhárma)
- धर्म॑न् (dhárman)
- ध॒र्मिन् (dharmín)
- धार॑क (dhā́raka)
- धार॑ण (dhā́raṇa)
- धृत् (dhṛt)
- धृति॑ (dhṛ́ti)
- धृत्वन् (dhṛtvan)
Prefixed root forms
- अभिधृ (abhidhṛ)
- अवधृ (avadhṛ)
- आधृ (ādhṛ)
- उद्धृ (uddhṛ)
- उपधृ (upadhṛ)
- निधृ (nidhṛ)
- परिधृ (paridhṛ)
- प्रधृ (pradhṛ)
- विधृ (vidhṛ)
- संधृ (saṃdhṛ)
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root धृ (0 c, 19 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root धृ (20 c, 0 e)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “DHAR”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 778
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “dhar”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 156
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “धृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 519, column 1.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 84
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “dhṛ”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.