धर्म

Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dharma).

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /d̪ʱəɾm/, [d̪ʱɐɾm]
• Rhymes: -əɾm

धर्म • (dharm) m (Urdu spelling دھرم)

1. religion, faith

   Synonym: मज़हब (mazhab)

   हम किसी धर्म का तिरस्कार नहीं करना चाहते।

   ham kisī dharm kā tiraskār nahī̃ karnā cāhte.

   We do not want to disregard any religion.

   धर्म हमारे समाज की रीढ़ है।

   dharm hamāre samāj kī rīṛh hai.

   Religion is the backbone of our society.

2. virtue, righteousness; morality

   हमारा नेता एक धर्म-स्तम्भ है।

   hamārā netā ek dharm-stambh hai.

   Our leader is a pillar of righteousness.

3. duty

   Synonyms: कर्तव्य (kartavya), फ़र्ज़ (farz)

   तुम्हारी मृत्यु से पहले, अपना अन्तिम धर्म निभाना पड़ता।

   tumhārī mŕtyu se pahle, apnā antim dharm nibhānā paṛtā.

   Before your death, you must fulfill your duty.

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “धर्म”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “धर्म”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘠𑘨𑘿𑘦 (dharma), from Sanskrit धर्म (dharma).

• IPA^(key): /d̪ʱəɾ.mə/

धर्म • (dharma) m

1. religion
2. (Hinduism) virtue, righteousness; morality

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “धर्म”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dharma).

• IPA^(key): [d̪ʱʌ̤rmʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: धर्म

धर्म • (dharma)

1. religion

Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dharma).

• IPA^(key): [dʱəɾmə]

धर्म • (dharma) ? (Newa Spelling 𑐢𑐬𑑂𑐩)

1. religion

Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dharma).

धर्म • (dharma) m

1. duty
2. dharma

• Gujarati: ધર્મ (dharma)

Khmr=ធម៌
Khmr2=ធម្ម៌

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰér-mos, from *dʰer- (“to hold, support”); the Sanskrit root is धृ (dhṛ).^[1] Cognate with Latin firmus (“stable, strong”) (whence also English firm).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /dʱɐ́ɾ.mɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d̪ʱɐɾ.mɐ/

धर्म॑ • (dhárma) stem, m

1. that which is established or firm, steadfast decree, statute, ordinance, law
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.165.50:

     य॒ज्ञेन॑ य॒ज्ञम् अ॑यजन्त दे॒वास् तानि॒ धर्मा॑णि प्रथ॒मान्य् आ॑सन् ।
     ते ह॒ नाकं॑ महि॒मानः॑ सचन्त॒ यत्र॒ पूर्वे॑ सा॒ध्याः सन्ति॑ दे॒वाः ॥

     yajñéna yajñám ayajanta devā́s tā́ni dhármāṇi prathamā́ny āsan.
     té ha nā́kaṃ mahimā́naḥ sacanta yátra pū́rve sādhyā́ḥ sánti devā́ḥ.

     By means of rite the Gods performed their rite: these were the earliest ordinances.
     These Mighty Ones attained the height of heaven, there where the Sadhyas, Gods of old, are dwelling.

2. morality, virtue, righteousness, moral code, good deed
   • c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā IV.8:

     परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम्।
     धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय संभवामि युगे युगे॥

     paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṃ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām.
     dharmasaṃsthāpanārthāya saṃbhavāmi yuge yuge.

     [And the Lord said:] To save the pious and destroy evil, and to reestablish virtue, I appear eon after eon.

   • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 8.15:

     धर्म एव हतो हन्ति धर्मो रक्षति रक्षितः ।
     तस्माद् धर्मो न हन्तव्यो मा नो धर्मो हतो ऽवधीत् ॥

     dharma eva hato hanti dharmo rakṣati rakṣitaḥ.
     tasmād dharmo na hantavyo mā no dharmo hato ʼvadhīt.

     Virtue that has been violated [in turn] destroys [the individual]; virtue that has been protected [in turn] protects [the individual].
     Therefore, virtue is not to be violated, lest the violated virtue destroy us.

3. usage, practice, customary observance or prescribed conduct, duty
4. right, justice (often as a synonym of punishment)
5. religion, religious merit
6. Law or Justice personified
7. the law or doctrine of Buddhism
8. the ethical precepts of Buddhism
9. the law of Northern Buddhism
10. nature, character, peculiar condition or essential quality, property, mark, peculiarity

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀥𑀁𑀫 (dhaṃma /⁠dhamma⁠/)
  • Prakrit: 𑀥𑀫𑁆𑀫 (dhamma)
• Pali: dhamma
  • → English: dhamma
  • → French: dhamma
  • → Khmer: ធម្ម (thŏəm)
  • → Lao: ທຳ (tham)
  • → Burmese: ဓမ္မ (dhamma.)
  • → Thai: ธรรม (tam)
• → Bengali: ধর্ম (dhormo)
• → Chinese: 達摩 / 达摩 (dámó)
• → Dhivehi: ދަރުމަ (daruma)
• → Dutch: dharma
• → English: dharma
• → Gujarati: ધર્મ (dharma)
• → Hindi: धर्म (dharm)
• → Indonesian: darma, derma
• → Irish: darma
• → Italian: dharma
• → Japanese: 達磨, ダルマ, ダーマ
• → Kannada: ಧರ್ಮ (dharma)
• → Korean: 달마 (dalma)
• → Lao: ທຳ (tham)
• → Marathi: धर्म (dharma)
• → Malay: derma (درما)
• → Mongolian: дарма (darma)
• → Nepali: धर्म (dharma)
• → Old Javanese: dharma
  • > Javanese: ꦢꦂꦩ (darma) (inherited)
  • → Balinese: darma/dharma
• → Old Khmer: ធម្ម៌ (dharmma)
  • Khmer: ធម៌ (thɔə), ធម្ម (thŏəm)
  • Lao: ທຳ (tham), ທຳມະ (tham ma)
  • Thai: ธรรม (tam), ธรรมะ (tam-má)
• → Portuguese: darma
• → Punjabi: ਧਰਮ (dharam)
• → Russian: дха́рма (dxárma)
• → Sinhalese: ධර්මය (dharmaya)
• → Tamil: தருமம் (tarumam)
• → Telugu: ధర్మము (dharmamu)
• → Tibetan: ལྷ་ཆོས (lha chos)
• → Tocharian B: agradharma (with अग्र (agra))
• → Ukrainian: дха́рма (dxárma)
• → Vietnamese: đạt ma

• Monier Williams (1899), “धर्म”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0510, column 3.