गृह्णाति

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

गृ॒भ्णाति॑ (gṛbhṇā́ti) — Rigvedic

Alternative scripts

গৃহ্ণাতি (Assamese script)
ᬕᬺᬳ᭄ᬡᬵᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
গৃহ্ণাতি (Bengali script)
𑰐𑰴𑰮𑰿𑰜𑰯𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀕𑀾𑀳𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ဂၖဟ္ဏာတိ (Burmese script)
ગૃહ્ણાતિ (Gujarati script)
ਗ੍ਰਹ੍ਣਾਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌗𑍃𑌹𑍍𑌣𑌾𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦒꦽꦲ꧀ꦟꦴꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂏𑃂𑂯𑂹𑂝𑂰𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಗೃಹ್ಣಾತಿ (Kannada script)
គ្ឫហ្ណាតិ (Khmer script)
ຄ຺ຣິຫ຺ຓາຕິ (Lao script)
ഗൃഹ്ണാതി (Malayalam script)
ᡤᡵᡳᡥᢏᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘐𑘵𑘮𑘿𑘜𑘰𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠺᠷᠢᠾᢏᠠᢗᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦰𑧖𑧎𑧠𑦼𑧑𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐐𑐺𑐴𑑂𑐞𑐵𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଗୃହ୍ଣାତି (Odia script)
ꢔꢺꢲ꣄ꢠꢵꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆓𑆸𑆲𑇀𑆟𑆳𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖐𑖴𑖮𑖿𑖜𑖯𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
ගෘහ‍්ණාති (Sinhalese script)
𑩞𑩙𑪂 𑪙𑩪𑩛𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚌𑚩𑚶𑚘𑚭𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
க்³ரிஹ்ணாதி (Tamil script)
గృహ్ణాతి (Telugu script)
คฺฤหฺณาติ (Thai script)
གྲྀ་ཧྞཱ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒑𑒵𑒯𑓂𑒝𑒰𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨍𑨼𑨉𑨱𑩇𑨘𑨊𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-né-

Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥bnéh₂ti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥bʰnáHti

Sanskrit गृ॒भ्णाति॑ (gṛbhṇā́ti)

Sanskrit गृ॒ह्णाति॑

From गृ॒भ्णाति॑ (gṛbhṇā́ti, “to seize”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥bʰnáHti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥bnéh₂ti (“to seize, snatch, grab”), from *gʰrebh₂- + *-né-.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡr̩ɦ.ɳɑ́ː.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡr̩ɦ.ɳɑː.t̪i/

Verb

गृ॒ह्णाति॑ • (gṛhṇā́ti) third-singular indicative (class 9, type P, root ग्रह्)

Conjugation

Present: गृ॒ह्णाति॑ (gṛhṇā́ti), गृ॒ह्णी॒ते (gṛhṇīté)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	गृ॒ह्णाति॑ gṛhṇā́ti	गृ॒ह्णी॒तः gṛhṇītáḥ	गृ॒ह्णन्ति॑ gṛhṇánti	गृ॒ह्णी॒ते gṛhṇīté	गृ॒ह्णाते॑ gṛhṇā́te	गृ॒ह्णते॑ gṛhṇáte
Second	गृ॒ह्णासि॑ gṛhṇā́si	गृ॒ह्णी॒थः gṛhṇītháḥ	गृ॒ह्णी॒थ gṛhṇīthá	गृ॒ह्णी॒षे gṛhṇīṣé	गृ॒ह्णाथे॑ gṛhṇā́the	गृ॒ह्णी॒ध्वे gṛhṇīdhvé
First	गृ॒ह्णामि॑ gṛhṇā́mi	गृ॒ह्णी॒वः gṛhṇīváḥ	गृ॒ह्णी॒मः / गृ॒ह्णी॒मसि॑¹ gṛhṇīmáḥ / gṛhṇīmási¹	गृ॒ह्णे gṛhṇé	गृ॒ह्णी॒वहे॑ gṛhṇīváhe	गृ॒ह्णी॒महे॑ gṛhṇīmáhe
Imperative
Third	गृ॒ह्णातु॑ gṛhṇā́tu	गृ॒ह्णी॒ताम् gṛhṇītā́m	गृ॒ह्णन्तु॑ gṛhṇántu	गृ॒ह्णी॒ताम् gṛhṇītā́m	गृ॒ह्णाता॑म् gṛhṇā́tām	गृ॒ह्णता॑म् gṛhṇátām
Second	गृ॒हा॒ण gṛhāṇá	गृ॒ह्णी॒तम् gṛhṇītám	गृ॒ह्णी॒त gṛhṇītá	गृ॒ह्णी॒ष्व gṛhṇīṣvá	गृ॒ह्णाथा॑म् gṛhṇā́thām	गृ॒ह्णी॒ध्वम् gṛhṇīdhvám
First	गृ॒ह्णानि॑ gṛhṇā́ni	गृ॒ह्णाव॑ gṛhṇā́va	गृ॒ह्णाम॑ gṛhṇā́ma	गृ॒ह्णै gṛhṇái	गृ॒ह्णाव॑है gṛhṇā́vahai	गृ॒ह्णाम॑है gṛhṇā́mahai
Optative/Potential
Third	गृ॒ह्णी॒यात् gṛhṇīyā́t	गृ॒ह्णी॒याता॑म् gṛhṇīyā́tām	गृ॒ह्णी॒युः gṛhṇīyúḥ	गृ॒ह्णी॒त gṛhṇītá	गृ॒ह्णी॒याता॑म् gṛhṇīyā́tām	गृ॒ह्णी॒रन् gṛhṇīrán
Second	गृ॒ह्णी॒याः gṛhṇīyā́ḥ	गृ॒ह्णी॒यात॑म् gṛhṇīyā́tam	गृ॒ह्णी॒यात॑ gṛhṇīyā́ta	गृ॒ह्णी॒थाः gṛhṇīthā́ḥ	गृ॒ह्णी॒याथा॑म् gṛhṇīyā́thām	गृ॒ह्णी॒ध्वम् gṛhṇīdhvám
First	गृ॒ह्णी॒याम् gṛhṇīyā́m	गृ॒ह्णी॒याव॑ gṛhṇīyā́va	गृ॒ह्णी॒याम॑ gṛhṇīyā́ma	गृ॒ह्णी॒य gṛhṇīyá	गृ॒ह्णी॒वहि॑ gṛhṇīváhi	गृ॒ह्णी॒महि॑ gṛhṇīmáhi
Subjunctive
Third	गृ॒ह्णात् / गृ॒ह्णाति॑ gṛhṇā́t / gṛhṇā́ti	गृ॒ह्णातः॑ gṛhṇā́taḥ	गृ॒ह्णान् gṛhṇā́n	गृ॒ह्णाते॑ / गृ॒ह्णातै॑ gṛhṇā́te / gṛhṇā́tai	गृ॒ह्णैते॑ gṛhṇáite	गृ॒ह्णान्त॑ / गृ॒ह्णान्तै॑ gṛhṇā́nta / gṛhṇā́ntai
Second	गृ॒ह्णाः / गृ॒ह्णासि॑ gṛhṇā́ḥ / gṛhṇā́si	गृ॒ह्णाथः॑ gṛhṇā́thaḥ	गृ॒ह्णाथ॑ gṛhṇā́tha	गृ॒ह्णासे॑ / गृ॒ह्णासै॑ gṛhṇā́se / gṛhṇā́sai	गृ॒ह्णैथे॑ gṛhṇáithe	गृ॒ह्णाध्वे॑ / गृ॒ह्णाध्वै॑ gṛhṇā́dhve / gṛhṇā́dhvai
First	गृ॒ह्णानि॑ / गृ॒ह्णा gṛhṇā́ni / gṛhṇā́	गृ॒ह्णाव॑ gṛhṇā́va	गृ॒ह्णाम॑ gṛhṇā́ma	गृ॒ह्णै gṛhṇái	गृ॒ह्णाव॑है gṛhṇā́vahai	गृ॒ह्णाम॑है gṛhṇā́mahai
Participles
	गृ॒ह्णत् gṛhṇát			गृ॒ह्णा॒न gṛhṇāná
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अगृ॑ह्णात् (ágṛhṇāt), अगृ॑ह्णीत (ágṛhṇīta)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अगृ॑ह्णात् ágṛhṇāt	अगृ॑ह्णीताम् ágṛhṇītām	अगृ॑ह्णन् ágṛhṇan	अगृ॑ह्णीत ágṛhṇīta	अगृ॑ह्णाताम् ágṛhṇātām	अगृ॑ह्णत ágṛhṇata
Second	अगृ॑ह्णाः ágṛhṇāḥ	अगृ॑ह्णीतम् ágṛhṇītam	अगृ॑ह्णीत ágṛhṇīta	अगृ॑ह्णीथाः ágṛhṇīthāḥ	अगृ॑ह्णाथाम् ágṛhṇāthām	अगृ॑ह्णीध्वम् ágṛhṇīdhvam
First	अगृ॑ह्णाम् ágṛhṇām	अगृ॑ह्णीव ágṛhṇīva	अगृ॑ह्णीम ágṛhṇīma	अगृ॑ह्णि ágṛhṇi	अगृ॑ह्णीवहि ágṛhṇīvahi	अगृ॑ह्णीमहि ágṛhṇīmahi

Derived terms

उद्ग्राहयति (udgrāhayati)
उद्गृह्णाति (udgṛhṇāti)
ग्राहयति (grāhayati)

Related terms

ग्रहण (grahaṇa)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Indus Kohistani: ghin-
- Kamkata-viri: gin-
- Khotanese: گنِک (ganik, “to seize”)
- Kashmiri: ginnu
  Arabic script: گِنُّ
  
  Devanagari script: गिन्नु
- Palula: ghin-
- Shina: گنیک (ginóĭki), گݨیک (giṇóĭki)
- Torwali: [script needed] (gin-)
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: gin-
Kholosi: genai
Pali: gaṇhāti, gahessati
Prakrit: 𑀕𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀇 (gaṇhaï), 𑀕𑁂𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀇 (gĕṇhaï) — Māhārāṣṭrī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī, 𑀕𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀇 (giṇhaï) — Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī, 𑀕𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀏 (giṇhae) — Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, 𑀕𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀇 (giṇhei) — Ardhamāgadhī, 𑀕𑁂𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀤𑀺 (gĕṇhadi) — Śaurasenī, Māgadhī
- Apabhramsa: गेण्हइ (geṇhaï)
  - Eastern Indo-Aryan:
    - Bengali-Assamese:
      - Early Assamese: ঘেনাইব (ghenaibo)
    - Odia: ଘିନିବା (ghinibā), ଘେନିବା (ghenibā)
  - Insular Indo-Aryan:
    - Dhivehi: ގަންނަނީ (gan̊nanī)
    - Sinhalese: ගන්නවා (gannawā)
  - Northern Indo-Aryan:
    - Western Pahari:
      - Bhadrawahi: घिन्न्णू (ghinnṇū)
      - Churahi: घिन्णा (ghinṇā)
      - Jaunsari: घीन्णोँ (ghīnṇō̃)
      - Pangwali: घिन्णा (ghinṇā)
  - Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
    - Punjabic:
      - Old Punjabi: ਘਿਨਿ (ghini)
        Pahari-Potwari: ਘਿਨਣਾ / گِہھݨا (ghinṇā)
        Punjabi: ਘਿਨਣਾ / گِھنݨا (ghinṇā), ਘਿੰਨਣਾ / گِھنَّݨَا (ghinnṇā) (Dhanni)
        Saraiki:
        Devanagari script: घिनण (ghinaṇ)
        Multani script: 𑊈𑊚𑊕 (ghnṇ /⁠ghinaṇ⁠/)
        Shahmukhi script: گِھنَݨ (ghinaṇ)
    - Sindhic:
      - Jadgali: [script needed] (ghinṇu)
      - Kachchi:
        Arabic script: گِڻْنو (giṇno)
        Gujarati script: ગિનણુ (ginṇu)
        Khudabadi script: 𑊼𑋡𑋑𑋌𑋣 (ginṇu)
      - Sindhi: ڳِنْهَڻُ / ॻिण्हणु / 𑊽𑋡𑋌𑋪𑋞𑋌𑋣 (g̠inhaṇu)
Prakrit: 𑀕𑀳𑀇 (gahaï), 𑀕𑀳𑁂𑀇 (gahei)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
  - Eastern Hindi:
    - Old Awadhi: गहइ (gahaï)
  - Western Hindi:
    - Hindustani:
      - Hindi: गहना (gahnā)
      - Urdu: گَہنَا
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  - Bihari:
    - Maithili: गहब (gahab)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  - Punjabi: ਗਹਿਣਾ / گَہِݨَا (gahiṇā)
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
  - Konkani: घेव्चे / ಘೆವ್ಛೆ / ghevche (ghevce)
  - Marathi: घेणे (gheṇe)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “गृह्णाति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 371, column 2.