𑀕𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀇

Prakrit

Alternative forms

𑀕𑁂𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀇 (gĕṇhaï) — Māhārāṣṭrī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī^[1]^[2]
𑀕𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀇 (giṇhaï) — Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī
𑀕𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀏 (giṇhae) — Jain Māhārāṣṭrī
𑀕𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀇 (giṇhei) — Ardhamāgadhī
𑀕𑁂𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀤𑀺 (gĕṇhadi) — Śaurasenī, Māgadhī

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-né-

Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥bnéh₂ti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥bʰnáHti

Sanskrit गृ॒भ्णाति॑ (gṛbhṇā́ti)

Sanskrit गृ॒ह्णाति॑ (gṛhṇā́ti)

Prakrit 𑀕𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀇

Inherited from Sanskrit गृ॒ह्णाति॑ (gṛhṇā́ti),^[3] from गृ॒भ्णाति॑ (gṛbhṇā́ti, “to seize”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥bʰnáHti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥bnéh₂ti (“to seize, snatch, grab”), from *gʰrebh₂- + *-né-.

Verb

𑀕𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀇 (gaṇhaï) (Devanagari गण्हइ) (transitive)

to take
Synonyms: 𑀮𑁂𑀇 (lei), 𑀕𑀳𑀇 (gahaï)

Descendants

Descendants

Apabhramsa: गेण्हइ (geṇhaï)
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  - Bengali-Assamese:
    - Early Assamese: ঘেনাইব (ghenaibo)
  - Odia: ଘିନିବା (ghinibā), ଘେନିବା (ghenibā)
- Insular Indo-Aryan:
  - Dhivehi: ގަންނަނީ (gan̊nanī)
  - Sinhalese: ගන්නවා (gannawā)
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
  - Western Pahari:
    - Bhadrawahi: घिन्न्णू (ghinnṇū)
    - Churahi: घिन्णा (ghinṇā)
    - Jaunsari: घीन्णोँ (ghīnṇō̃)
    - Pangwali: घिन्णा (ghinṇā)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  - Punjabic:
    - Old Punjabi: ਘਿਨਿ (ghini)
      - Pahari-Potwari: ਘਿਨਣਾ / گِہھݨا (ghinṇā)
      - Punjabi: ਘਿਨਣਾ / گِھنݨا (ghinṇā), ਘਿੰਨਣਾ / گِھنَّݨَا (ghinnṇā) (Dhanni)
      - Saraiki:
        Devanagari script: घिनण (ghinaṇ)
        
        Multani script: 𑊈𑊚𑊕 (ghnṇ /⁠ghinaṇ⁠/)
        
        Shahmukhi script: گِھنَݨ (ghinaṇ)
  - Sindhic:
    - Jadgali: [script needed] (ghinṇu)
    - Kachchi:
      Arabic script: گِڻْنو (giṇno)
      
      Gujarati script: ગિનણુ (ginṇu)
      
      Khudabadi script: 𑊼𑋡𑋑𑋌𑋣 (ginṇu)
    - Sindhi: ڳِنْهَڻُ / ॻिण्हणु / 𑊽𑋡𑋌𑋪𑋞𑋌𑋣 (g̠inhaṇu)

Innovated participles from *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (*giddha) (cf. 𑀮𑀤𑁆𑀥 (laddha))

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabic:
  - Saraiki:
    Devanagari script: गिदा (gidā)
    
    Multani script: 𑊆𑊘 (gd /⁠ghidā⁠/)
    
    Shahmukhi script: گِھدا (ghidā)
- Sindhic:
  - Sindhi: ڳِڌو / ॻिधो / 𑊽𑋡𑋐𑋧 (g̠idho)

References

^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928), “गिण्ह”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 294.
^ Pischel, Richard; Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957), Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 100, 362: “§119 gĕṇhaï, beside giṇha^[sic] = gṛhṇāti […] §512 gĕṇhaï = gṛhṇāti”
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “gr̥bhāyáti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 227: “Pk. gaṇhaï, giṇhaï, geṇhaï (e fr. dē- 'give' cf. influence of these verbs on each other in the reverse direction in NiDoc. denati 'gives')”