uter
Latin
Etymology 1
For *cuter, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷóteros, from *kʷos (“which”), ultimately from *kʷ-. Cognate with Ancient Greek πότερος (póteros, “which of the two”) and English whether.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈʊ.tɛr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈuː.ter]
Pronoun
uter (feminine utra, neuter utrum); first/second-declension pronoun (nominative masculine singular in -er, pronominal declension)
- (interrogative) which, who (of two)?
- c. 189 BCE, Plautus, Truculentus 1.2.51:
- Em istoc pol tu otiosu's,
cum et illic et hic pervorsus es. Sed utriscum rem esse mavis- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Em istoc pol tu otiosu's,
- 68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 15.20.3.2:
- Pompeium Carteia receptum scribis; iam igitur contra hunc exercitum. Utra ergo castra? Media enim tollit Antonius.
- 1999 translation by D. R. Shackleton Bailey
- You say that Pompey has been admitted into Carteia. So he’ll presently be bringing an army against Antony. Which camp then? For Antony is putting middle courses out of the question.
- 1999 translation by D. R. Shackleton Bailey
- Pompeium Carteia receptum scribis; iam igitur contra hunc exercitum. Utra ergo castra? Media enim tollit Antonius.
- (relative, in indirect questions) whichever, whoever (of two)
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.44:
- Sic fortuna in contentione et certamine utrumque versavit, ut alter alteri inimicus auxilio salutique esset, neque diiudicari posset, uter utri virtute anteferendus videretur.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Sic fortuna in contentione et certamine utrumque versavit, ut alter alteri inimicus auxilio salutique esset, neque diiudicari posset, uter utri virtute anteferendus videretur.
- (indefinite) either (of two), one or the other
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 21.18.13:
- Tum Romanus sinu ex toga facto, "hic" inquit, "uobis bellum et pacem portamus; utrum placet sumite." Sub hanc uocem haud minus ferociter, daret utrum uellet, succlamatum est; […]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Tum Romanus sinu ex toga facto, "hic" inquit, "uobis bellum et pacem portamus; utrum placet sumite." Sub hanc uocem haud minus ferociter, daret utrum uellet, succlamatum est; […]
Usage notes
Variously construed:
- With a genitival partitive: Quam ob rem uter nostrum tandem, Labiene, popularis est, […] (Cicero, Pro Rabirio perduellonis reo 4.11)
- With partitive ex or (rare) de: Quomodo, oro te, convenit ut et Diogenen mireris et Daedalum? Uter ex his sapiens tibi videtur? (Seneca, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium 90.14)
Number agreement:
- With the verb in the singular: Valerius Horatiusque consules sortiti uter dedicaret [aedem]. (Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 2.27.5)
- In the second person, with the verb in the plural (Plautine): Uter eratis, tun an ille, maior?, "Who of the two was the older one, you or he?" (Plautus, Menaechmi 5.9.60)
- Used in the plural to define two sets comprised of more than one entity: […] ; sed, utros eius [Suculi] habueris libros—duo enim sunt corpora—an utrosque, nescio. (Cicero, Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem 2.11.14)
Declension
First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er, pronominal declension).
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | uter | utra | utrum | utrī | utrae | utra | |
| genitive | utrī̆us | utrōrum | utrārum | utrōrum | |||
| dative | utrī | utrīs | |||||
| accusative | utrum | utram | utrum | utrōs | utrās | utra | |
| ablative | utrō | utrā | utrō | utrīs | |||
| vocative | uter | utra | utrum | utrī | utrae | utra | |
Derived terms
Related terms
Etymology 2
For *udris, from Proto-Italic *udri-, from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“water”). Compare with Ancient Greek ὑδρία (hudría, “water-pot, pitcher”). Related to vitrum.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈʊ.tɛr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈuː.ter]
Noun
uter m (genitive utris); third declension
- a vessel made of hide used to store wine or water; a leather bottle, a skin
- 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 12.7.15:
- Indi in utribus camelorum aut rhinocerotum id [caryophyllon] mittunt.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Indi in utribus camelorum aut rhinocerotum id [caryophyllon] mittunt.
- c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 2.384:
- Non aliam ob culpam Baccho caper omnibus aris
caeditur et veteres ineunt proscaenia ludi,
praemiaque ingeniis pagos et compita circum
Thesidae posuere, atque inter pocula laeti
mollibus in pratis unctos salvere per utres […]- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Non aliam ob culpam Baccho caper omnibus aris
- (especially) a bag made of hide inflated for flotation
- c. 48 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Civili 1.48:
- […] hos [pabulatores Caesaris] levis armaturae Lusitani peritique earum regionum cetrati citerioris Hispaniae consectabantur; quibus erat proclive tranare flumen, quod consuetudo eorum omnium est, ut sine utribus ad exercitum non eant.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- […] hos [pabulatores Caesaris] levis armaturae Lusitani peritique earum regionum cetrati citerioris Hispaniae consectabantur; quibus erat proclive tranare flumen, quod consuetudo eorum omnium est, ut sine utribus ad exercitum non eant.
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 21.27:
- Hispani sine ulla mole in utres uestimentis coniectis ipsi caetris superpositis incubantes flumen tranauere.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Hispani sine ulla mole in utres uestimentis coniectis ipsi caetris superpositis incubantes flumen tranauere.
Declension
- Note: although the nominative and accusative plural was normally the masculine utrēs, the rare alternative neuter plural utria is also attested.
Third-declension noun (i-stem).
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | uter | utrēs utria |
| genitive | utris | utrium |
| dative | utrī | utribus |
| accusative | utrem | utrīs utrēs utria |
| ablative | utre | utribus |
| vocative | uter | utrēs |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Aromanian: utri
- Catalan: odre
- → French: outre
- Galician: odre
- Italian: otre
- Piedmontese: oiro
- Portuguese: odre
- Sicilian: utri
- Spanish: odre
Etymology 3
Noun
uter m (genitive uterī); second declension
- alternative form of uterus
- (Can we add an example for this sense?)
Declension
Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -er).
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | uter | uterī |
| genitive | uterī | uterōrum |
| dative | uterō | uterīs |
| accusative | uterum | uterōs |
| ablative | uterō | uterīs |
| vocative | uter | uterī |
Further reading
- “ŭter¹”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “uter¹”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ūter²”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ūter²”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ŭter³”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ŭtĕr”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- uter, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) to offer a person the alternative of... or..: optionem alicui dare, utrum...an
- (ambiguous) it is a debated point whether... or..: in contentione ponitur, utrum...an
- (ambiguous) to offer a person the alternative of... or..: optionem alicui dare, utrum...an
- “uter”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “uter”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 646-647
Old High German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *eudr, from Proto-Germanic *ūdarą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewHdʰr̥-, *h₁ówHdʰr̥, *h₁uHdʰr̥- (“udder”).
Noun
ūter m
Descendants
References
- Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “u”, in Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch[2] (in German), 6th edition
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin uterus, French utérus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈu.ter]
Noun
uter n (plural utere)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
| nominative-accusative | uter | uterul | utere | uterele | |
| genitive-dative | uter | uterului | utere | uterelor | |
| vocative | uterule | uterelor | |||