tamen
Esperanto
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Latin tamen.[1][2] First attested in 1887.[3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtamen/
Audio 1: (file) Audio 2: (file) - Rhymes: -amen
- Syllabification: ta‧men
Adverb
tamen
- however, nevertheless
- Mi devis rezigni miajn dezirojn kaj celojn, sed nun mi tamen estas kontenta.
- I had to resign my aspirations and objectives, but now I am nevertheless content.
- 2025 November 27, Renée Triolle, “La unua eŭropano, kiu vizitis Tibeton Alexandra David-Néel (1868-1969)”, in uea.facila[1], archived from the original on 23 December 2025:
- Dum la jaroj 1897 ĝis 1900, ŝi kuraĝis vivi kun amanto, muzikisto, kun kiu ŝi tamen ne edziniĝis.
- Between 1897 and 1900, she had the courage to live with a lover, musician, to whom she did not get married.
- (literally, “During the years 1897 until 1900, she became courageous to live with a lover, musician, with who she however did not become a wife.”)
Particle
tamen
- (in response to a negative question or statement) yes; indeed
- Synonym: jes ja
- "Vi ne scipovas stiri biciklon." — "Tamen!"
- "You don't know how to ride a bicycle." — "Yes I do!"
- "Ĉu vi ne venas al la festo?" — "Tamen!"
- "Are you not coming to the party?" — "Indeed I am!"
References
- ^ André Cherpillod, “tamen”, in Konciza Etimologia Vortaro [Concise Etymological Dictionary], →ISBN
- ^ Ebbe Vilborg, “tamen”, in Etimologia Vortaro de Esperanto [Etymological Dictionary of Esperanto], volume 5, →ISBN, page 82
- ^ Neves; Pabst (2022), “tamen”, in Historia Vortaro de Esperanto, →ISBN, page 825
Further reading
Grammatical texts
- Wennergren, Bertilo (1997-present), “14.3.17. Tamen”, in Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko[2]
- Kalocsay; Waringhien (1985), Plena Analiza Gramatiko[3], →ISBN, page 297
Monolingual dictionaries
- “tamen”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
- “tamen”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-present
- Grosjean, Émile (1980), “tamen”, in Plena Vortaro de Esperanto[4], →OL, page 463
- Bein, Kazimierz (1922), “tamen”, in Vortaro de Esperanto[5], →OL, page 158
Multilingual dictionaries
- Wells, John C. (1992), “anyhow, still, though, yet”, in Concise Esperanto and English Dictionary[6], →ISBN, pages 175, 381, 393, 418
- Benson, Peter J. (1995), “all, even, nonetheless, still, then, though, yet”, in Comprehensive English-Esperanto Dictionary[7], →ISBN, pages 31, 195, 348, 501, 531, 534, 592
- Butler, Montagu C. (1967), “tamen”, in Esperanto-English Dictionary[8], →OL, page 403
- Motteau, Achille (1907), “tamen”, in Esperanto-English Dictionary[9], →OCLC, page 149
Ido
Etymology
From Esperanto, from Latin tamen.
Adverb
tamen
Japanese
Romanization
tamen
Latin
Etymology
From tam + -em. Last particle in īdem. Compare with its later doublet: tandem, both with original meaning supposedly "so(much)ever".
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈta.mɛn]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈtaː.men]
- Note: unlike in tametsī, the graphic m does represent the bilabial nasal /m/.
Adverb
tamen (not comparable)
- (usually postpositive, also initial and final) however, in spite of this
- (preceded by et, atque/ac, neque/nec, at, sed, vērum)
- ac tamen... ― and yet...
- 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Atticus 13:
- ex duobus librīs contulī in quattuor: grandiōrēs sunt omnīnō quam erant illī, sed tamen multa dētracta
- from two books have I arranged four: they are ampler, in every way, than what used to be in that one [the previous arrangement], and yet many [were] withdrawn
- ex duobus librīs contulī in quattuor: grandiōrēs sunt omnīnō quam erant illī, sed tamen multa dētracta
- (preceded by et, atque/ac, neque/nec, at, sed, vērum)
- (expressing a concession) nevertheless, yet, still, even
- 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 864:
- Simo: Nihil audiō! Ego iam tē commōtum reddam!
Davus: Tamen etsī hoc vērum·st?
Simo: Tamen!- Simo: I'm not listening! Your heart strings are about to get a real good tugging!
[literally, “I'm about to make you greatly moved!”]
Davus: Even if it's true?
Simo: Even so!
- Simo: I'm not listening! Your heart strings are about to get a real good tugging!
- Simo: Nihil audiō! Ego iam tē commōtum reddam!
- all the same, just the same (in spite of appearances of the contrary)
- (in an aside) although, even if
- (in a limiting clause) (also with ut or ne) at least
Synonyms
Derived terms
- tamendem
- attamen
- tamen etsī
- vērumtamen
Related terms
Latin correlatives (edit)
Descendants
References
- “tamen” on page 2098 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page ???
Further reading
- “tamen”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “tamen”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “tamen”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Middle English
Etymology 1
From tame (“tame”) + -en (infinitival suffix).
Verb
tamen (third-person singular simple present tameth, present participle tamende, tamynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle tamed)
- to tame, domesticate
- to subdue, overcome
Descendants
References
- “tāmen, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2
Shortening of attamen (“to cut, pierce”) or entamen (“to injure”), both from Old French.
Verb
tamen (third-person singular simple present tameth, present participle tamende, tamynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle tamed)
Alternative forms
Descendants
References
- “tāmen, v.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Tumleo
Noun
tamen
References
- Stephen Adolphe Wurm, New Guinea Area Languages and Language Study (1976)