ibidem
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin ibīdem (“in the same place”).
Pronunciation
- enPR: ĭb′ĭ-dĕm, ĭ-bī′dəm[1]
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɪb.ɪ.dɛm/, /ˈɪb.ɪ.dem/; /ɪˈbaɪ̯.dəm/, /ɪˈbʌɪ̯.dəm/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - (General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈɪb.ɪ.dɛm/; /ɪˈbaɪ̯.dəm/
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈɪb.ɪ.dem/; /ɪˈbɑe̯.dəm/
- (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈəb.ə.dem/; /əˈbɑe̯.dəm/
- (Scotland) IPA(key): /ˈɪb.ɪ.dɛm/; /ɪˈbaɪ̯.dəm/, /ɪˈbʌi̯.dəm/, /ɪˈbəi̯.dəm/
- (India) IPA(key): /ˈɪb.ɪ.ɖɛ(ː)m/; /ɪˈbəj.ɖem/, /ɪˈbɑːj.ɖem/
- Hyphenation: i‧bi‧dem
Adverb
ibidem (not comparable, abbreviation ib. or ibid.)
- (bibliography) In the same place; indicates a reference to the same source as the previous one.
- Synonym: idem
Translations
References
- ^ “ibidem”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
Further reading
- “ibidem”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Latin
Etymology 1
From ibī̆ (“there”) + -dem (new interpreted particle from īdem).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ɪˈbiː.dẽː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [iˈbiː.dem]
- Hyphenation: i‧bī‧dem
Adverb
ibīdem (not comparable)
- in that very place; in or at the same place; in, at, or on the same spot
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.116–117:
- […] ast illam ter flūctus ibīdem ¶ torquet agēns circum, et rapidus vorat aequore vortex.
- […] and then, driving waves whirl that [ship] around three [times] in the same spot, and a swift whirlpool swallows it up in the sea.
(The storm at sea destroys the ill-fated Lycian ship.)
- […] and then, driving waves whirl that [ship] around three [times] in the same spot, and a swift whirlpool swallows it up in the sea.
- […] ast illam ter flūctus ibīdem ¶ torquet agēns circum, et rapidus vorat aequore vortex.
- (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) at that very instant, at the same time
Related terms
See also
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈiː.bɪ.dẽː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈiː.bi.dem]
- Hyphenation: ī‧bi‧dem
Noun
ībidem
- accusative singular of ībis
References
- “ibidem”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ibidem”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ibidem”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Polish
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Latin ibīdem. First attested in 1584.[1]
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -idɛm
- Syllabification: i‧bi‧dem
Adverb
ibidem (not comparable, abbreviation ib. or ibid.)
- (bibliography) ibidem (in the same place)
- Synonym: tamże
- 1999, Jolanta Augustyniak-Kopka, Społeczny wymiar postrzegania moralnego (Studium socjologiczne) [The Social Dimension of Moral Perception (A Sociological Study)][2], quoted in NKJP, Łódź: Uniwersytet Łódzki, published 1999, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- [xliii] É[mile]. Durkheim, Zasady metody socjologicznej, [Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe,] Warszawa 1968, s. 58. ¶ [xliv] Faktem społecznym jest „wszelki sposób robienia, utrwalony lub nie, zdolny do wywierania na jednostkę zewnętrznego przymusu”. Ibidem, s. 42.
- [xliii] Durkheim, Émile (1968), Zasady metody socjologicznej [The Rules of Sociological Method], Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, page 58. ¶ [xliv] A social fact is “every way of acting, fixed or not, capable of exerting on the individual an external constraint”. Ibidem, page 42.
- 2004, Ewa Małgorzata Augustyniak-Walińska, Wartość bilansowa przedsiębiorstwa a alokacja podatku dochodowego [The Balance Sheet Value of an Enterprise and the Allocation of Income Tax][3], quoted in NKJP, Łódź: Uniwersytet Łódzki, published 2004, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- [8] Oryginalne podejście do rachunkowości jako systemu informacyjnego zaprezentowali A[licja]. Jaruga i J[ózef]. Skowroński w książce Rachunek kosztów w systemie informacyjnym przedsiębiorstwa, PWE, Warszawa 1982. Autorzy przedstawili w niej modelowe ujęcie rachunkowości, traktując je jako podstawowe, uniwersalne narzędzie opisu rzeczywistości gospodarczej. Ibidem, s. 7–76.
- [8] An original approach to accounting as an information system was presented by A[licja]. Jaruga and J[ózef]. Skowroński in the book Rachunek kosztów w systemie informacyjnym przedsiębiorstwa [Cost Accounting in the Enterprise Information System], PWE, Warsaw 1982. In it, the authors presented a model approach to accounting, treating it as a basic, universal tool for describing economic reality. Ibidem, pp. 7–76.
- 2007, Maciej Żołnowski, Fenomen grozy w muzyce [The Phenomenon of Terror in Music], quoted in NKJP, Gliwice: Wydawnictwo Złote Myśli, published 2007, →ISBN:
- Jak krótki „ma być” ów muzyczny przebieg — nośnik określonego wyrazu emocjonalnego? Otóż, „Kryterium percepcyjne jest (…) tutaj najwłaściwsze, by określić jednostkę znaczenia [elementarną cząstkę wyrazu muzycznego]. Będzie nią każdy wzorzec dźwiękowy rozpoznawany jako charakterystyczny odgłos przedmiotu bądź zjawiska [bądź znaku behawioralnego]” (Semiologia i film, 1980, s. 190). À propos dźwiękowego indeksu określonego zjawiska: „Oznaczone przy pomocy odgłosu mogą zostać nie tylko przedmioty odgłos ów wydające, zdarzenia z odgłosem skorelowane, lecz zarazem przestrzenne stosunki (zbliżanie się i oddalanie źródła dźwięku)” (ibidem).
- How short “should be” that musical phrase — the carrier of a specific emotional expression? Well, “The perceptual criterion is (...) here the most appropriate to define the unit of meaning [the elementary particle of musical expression]. It will be any sound pattern recognized as a characteristic sound of an object or phenomenon [or behavioral sign]” (Semiologia i film [Semiology and Film], 1980, p. 190). Regarding the sound index of a specific phenomenon: “What can be signified by means of a sound includes not only the objects producing that sound, events correlated with the sound, but also spatial relationships (the approach and retreat of the sound source)” (ibidem).
References
- ^ Paprocki, Bartosz (1584), Herby rycerstwa polskiego [The Coat of Arms of Polish Knighthood][1] (in Middle Polish and Latin), 1. edition, quoted in WSJP, Kraków: Garwolczyk, Maciej, published 1584
Further reading
- ibidem in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- ibidem in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from Latin ibīdem.
Adverb
ibidem
- ibidem (in the same place)
Spanish
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from Latin ibīdem.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iˈbidem/ [iˈβ̞i.ð̞ẽm]
- Rhymes: -idem
- Syllabification: i‧bi‧dem
Adverb
ibidem
- alternative form of ibídem (“ibidem”) (in the same place)
Usage notes
According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.
Further reading
- “ibidem”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025