𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟

Prakrit

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ger-der.?

Proto-Dravidiander.?

Sanskrit गर्त॑ (gárta)?

Proto-Middle Indo-Aryan *𑀕𑀸𑀟𑁆𑀟 (*gāḍḍa)

Prakrit 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟

Inherited from Proto-Middle Indo-Aryan *𑀕𑀸𑀟𑁆𑀟 (*gāḍḍa).^[1] Cognate with Kashmiri گٲڑؠ (gạ̄ḍ') and Torwali گاڑے (ɡaṛe). Possibly doublet of *𑀕𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gadda, “seat”).

Noun

𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟 (gaḍḍa) m (Devanagari गड्ड, feminine 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀻) (attested in Śaurasenī, Māgadhī) ^[2]

a cart

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁄 (gaḍḍo)	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (gaḍḍā)
Accusative	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀁 (gaḍḍaṃ)	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂 (gaḍḍe) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (gaḍḍā)
Instrumental	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀡 (gaḍḍeṇa) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀡𑀁 (gaḍḍeṇaṃ)	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀳𑀺 (gaḍḍehi) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (gaḍḍehiṃ)
Dative	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀅 (gaḍḍāa)	—
Ablative	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀑 (gaḍḍāo) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀉 (gaḍḍāu) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (gaḍḍā) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀳𑀺 (gaḍḍāhi) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (gaḍḍāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀲𑁆𑀲 (gaḍḍassa)	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀡 (gaḍḍāṇa) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀡𑀁 (gaḍḍāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (gaḍḍammi) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂 (gaḍḍe)	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀲𑀼 (gaḍḍesu) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (gaḍḍesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟 (gaḍḍa) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (gaḍḍā)	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (gaḍḍā)

Derived terms

𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀺𑀆 (gaḍḍiā)

Descendants

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani: gāṛā, gāṛī (see there for further descendants)
  Hindi: गाड़ा, गाड़ी
  
  Urdu: گَاڑَا, گَاڑِی
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Bengali-Assamese:
  - Assamese: গাড়ী (gari)
  - Bengali: গাড়ি (gaṛi)
- Bihari:
  - Bhojpuri: gaṛī, gāṛī
    Devanagari script: गड़ी, गाड़ी
    
    Kaithi script: 𑂏𑂚𑂲, 𑂏𑂰𑂚𑂲
  - Magahi: gāṛā, gaṛī, gāṛī
    Devanagari script: गाड़ा, गड़ी, गाड़ी
    
    Kaithi script: 𑂏𑂰𑂚𑂰, 𑂏𑂚𑂲, 𑂏𑂰𑂚𑂲
  - Maithili: gāṛā, gaṛī, gāṛī
    Devanagari script: गाड़ा, गड़ी, गाड़ी
    
    Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒰𑒛𑓃𑒰, 𑒑𑒛𑓃𑒲, 𑒑𑒰𑒛𑓃𑒲
- Odia: ଗାଡ଼ୀ (gāṛi), ଗଡ଼ା (gaṛā)
Insular Indo-Aryan:
- Sinhalese: ගැළ (gæḷa)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Eastern Pahari:
  - Nepali: गाडा (gāḍā), गाडि (gāḍi)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabic:
  - Punjabi: gāḍḍī, gaḍḍī, gaḍḍ, gaḍḍā, gaḍīrā
    Gurmukhi script: ਗਾੱਡੀ, ਗੱਡੀ, ਗਾੱਡ, ਗੱਡਾ, ਗਦੀਰਾ
    
    Shahmukhi script: گَاڈِّی, گَڈِّی, گَڈْ, گَڈَْا, گَڈِیرَا
  - Saraiki: گَاڈِی (gāḍī), گَاݙَا (gāḏā), گَڈْ (gaḍ)
  - Southern Hindko: گڈی (gaḍī)
- Sindhic:
  - Sindhi: gāḏo
    Arabic script: گَاڏو (gāḏo)
    
    Devanagari script: गाॾो
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
  - Marathi: गाडा (gāḍā), गाडी (gāḍī)
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: ગાદું (gādũ), ગાડી (gāḍī), ગાડિદું (gāḍidũ)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-

Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-t-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)kart-

Sanskrit कृत् (kṛt)

Proto-Dravidiander.?

Sanskrit क॒र्त (kartá)?

Sanskrit गर्त॑ (gárta)

Prakrit 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟

Inherited from Sanskrit गर्त॑ (gárta), possibly from क॒र्त (kartá), from कृत् (kṛt), or possibly from Proto-Dravidian.

Alternative forms

*𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀇 (*gaḍḍaï, “to bury”) — verb reconstructed based on descendants

Noun

𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟 (gaḍḍa) m (Devanagari गड्ड)

a hole

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁄 (gaḍḍo)	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (gaḍḍā)
Accusative	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀁 (gaḍḍaṃ)	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂 (gaḍḍe) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (gaḍḍā)
Instrumental	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀡 (gaḍḍeṇa) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀡𑀁 (gaḍḍeṇaṃ)	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀳𑀺 (gaḍḍehi) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (gaḍḍehiṃ)
Dative	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀅 (gaḍḍāa)	—
Ablative	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀑 (gaḍḍāo) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀉 (gaḍḍāu) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (gaḍḍā) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀳𑀺 (gaḍḍāhi) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (gaḍḍāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀲𑁆𑀲 (gaḍḍassa)	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀡 (gaḍḍāṇa) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀡𑀁 (gaḍḍāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (gaḍḍammi) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂 (gaḍḍe)	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀲𑀼 (gaḍḍesu) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (gaḍḍesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟 (gaḍḍa) or 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (gaḍḍā)	𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (gaḍḍā)

Related terms

𑀕𑀟 n (gaḍa, “hole”)
*𑀕𑀮𑀻 (*galī, “defile, lane”)
𑀔𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 f (khaḍḍā, “hole, cave”)
*𑀔𑀸𑀟 (*khāḍa, “hole, hollow”)
𑀔𑀮𑁆𑀮 n (khalla, “hole”)

Descendants

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: गाड़ा (gāṛā), गाड़ना (gāṛnā)
  - Urdu: گَاڑَا (gāṛā), گاڑنا (gāṛnā)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Assamese: গাৰা (gara)
- Bengali: গাড় (gaṛ), গাড়া (gaṛa, “hole, to bury”)
- Odia: ଗାଡ଼ (gāṛa), ଗାଡ଼ିଆ (gāṛiā), ଗାଡ଼ିବା (gāṛibā)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Nepali: गाड़्नु (gāṛnu, “to bury”)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਗੱਡਣਾ (gaḍḍaṇā, “to bury”)
  
  Shahmukhi script: گڈݨا (gaḍḍaṇā)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Marathi: गाडणे (gāḍṇe, “to bury”)
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: ગરાડ (garāḍ), ગરાડો (garāḍo), ગાડવું (gāḍvũ)
- Marwari: गाडणौ (gāḍṇau)
- Mewari: गाडणो (gāḍṇo)
- Romani: garavel

References

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “garda”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 217
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “gāḍḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 220

[1] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “garda”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 217

[2] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “gāḍḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 220

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