कर्त
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
- কৰ্ত (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬃᬢ (Balinese script)
- কর্ত (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰨𑰿𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀢 (Brahmi script)
- ကရ်္တ (Burmese script)
- કર્ત (Gujarati script)
- ਕਰ੍ਤ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑌰𑍍𑌤 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦂꦠ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂩𑂹𑂞 (Kaithi script)
- ಕರ್ತ (Kannada script)
- កត៌ (Khmer script)
- ກຣ຺ຕ (Lao script)
- കര്ത (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᠠᡵᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘨𑘿𑘝 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠠᠷᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧈𑧠𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐬𑑂𑐟 (Newa script)
- କର୍ତ (Odia script)
- ꢒꢬ꣄ꢡ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆫𑇀𑆠 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖨𑖿𑖝 (Siddham script)
- කර්ත (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩼 𑪙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚤𑚶𑚙 (Takri script)
- கர்த (Tamil script)
- కర్త (Telugu script)
- กรฺต (Thai script)
- ཀ་རྟ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒩𑓂𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨫𑩇𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Probably from कृत् (kṛt, “to cut in pieces”); compare कृति (kṛti, “the act of hurting; knife, dagger”).[1][2]
Turner argues, however, that the word is borrowed from Dravidian, due to "extensive interchange" of consonants in vernacular variants, notably in गर्त (gárta). Per Turner, such variation is also seen in related Prakrit गड n (gaḍa, “hole”), गड्ड m (gaḍḍa, “hole”), *गली (galī, “defile, lane”), खड्डा f (khaḍḍā, “hole, cave”), *खाड (khāḍa, “hole, hollow”), and खल्ल n (khalla, “hole”). Compare Kannada ಕಡ್ಡ (kaḍḍa, “pit-fall”), ಗದ್ದೆ (gadde, “field”) and Brahui کڑک (kaṛak, “hole”).[3] Mayrhofer acknowledges this possibility, but notes that the word's Vedic status decreases the likelihood of a Dravidian provenance.[2]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /kɐɾ.tɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /kɐɾ.t̪ɐ/
Noun
क॒र्त • (kartá) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | क॒र्तः (kartáḥ) | क॒र्तौ (kartáu) क॒र्ता¹ (kartā́¹) |
क॒र्ताः (kartā́ḥ) क॒र्तासः॑¹ (kartā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | क॒र्तम् (kartám) | क॒र्तौ (kartáu) क॒र्ता¹ (kartā́¹) |
क॒र्तान् (kartā́n) |
| instrumental | क॒र्तेन॑ (karténa) | क॒र्ताभ्या॑म् (kartā́bhyām) | क॒र्तैः (kartáiḥ) क॒र्तेभिः॑¹ (kartébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | क॒र्ताय॑ (kartā́ya) | क॒र्ताभ्या॑म् (kartā́bhyām) | क॒र्तेभ्यः॑ (kartébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | क॒र्तात् (kartā́t) | क॒र्ताभ्या॑म् (kartā́bhyām) | क॒र्तेभ्यः॑ (kartébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | क॒र्तस्य॑ (kartásya) | क॒र्तयोः॑ (kartáyoḥ) | क॒र्ताना॑म् (kartā́nām) |
| locative | क॒र्ते (karté) | क॒र्तयोः॑ (kartáyoḥ) | क॒र्तेषु॑ (kartéṣu) |
| vocative | कर्त॑ (kárta) | कर्तौ॑ (kártau) कर्ता॑¹ (kártā¹) |
कर्ताः॑ (kártāḥ) कर्ता॑सः¹ (kártāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Related terms
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “kartá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 317
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956), “kartáḥ”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 173
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kartá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 144
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “कर्त”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 257, column 3.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “कर्त”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan