Reconstruction:Prakrit/𑀔𑀸𑀟

This Prakrit entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *kanH-der.

Sanskrit खन् (khan)

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás

Sanskrit -त (-tá)

Sanskrit खा॒त (khātá)?

Prakrit *𑀔𑀸𑀟

Uncertain.

Per Chatterji, from spontaneous retroflexion from Sanskrit खा॒त (khātá, “ditch, pond”), खातिका (khātikā, “ditch”), and thus doublet of 𑀔𑀸𑀇 (khāi).^[1]
Alternatively, perhaps related to Sanskrit कर्त (kartá, “hole”), काट (kāṭá), गर्त (gárta), but Mayrhofer ties these to Proto-Indo-Iranian *kártas (whence Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬴𐬀 (kaṣ̌a)).^[2] The variety of forms of this term throughout Indo-Aryan may point to a substrate borrowing.

There appears to be conflation with a very similar Prakrit 𑀔𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (khaḍḍā). Punjabi, however, does not reflect a geminated consonant in this set of cognates.

Noun

*𑀔𑀸𑀟 (*khāḍa) m (Devanagari *खाड) (Proto-New Indo-Aryan)^[3]

a hollow, hole
creek

Related terms

𑀕𑀟 n (gaḍa, “hole”)
𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟 m (gaḍḍa, “hole”)
*𑀕𑀮𑀻 (*galī, “defile, lane”)
𑀔𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 f (khaḍḍā, “hole, cave”)
𑀔𑀮𑁆𑀮 n (khalla, “hole”)

Descendants

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: खाड़ी (khāṛī)
  - Urdu: کھاڑی (khāṛī)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Bengali: খাঁড়ি (khãṛi)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Kumaoni: खाड़ (khāṛ)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਖਾੜ (khāṛ), ਖਾੜੀ (khāṛī)
  
  Shahmukhi script: کھاڑ (khāṛ), کھاڑی (khāṛī)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Marathi: खाड (khāḍ), खाडा (khāḍā), खाडी (khāḍī)
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: ખાડ (khāḍ), ખાડી (khāḍī), ખાડો (khāḍo)

References

^ Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1926), The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language‎^[1], volume 1, Calcutta: Calcutta University Press, page 488
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “kartá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 317
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “khāḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 203

[1] Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1926), The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language‎^[1], volume 1, Calcutta: Calcutta University Press, page 488

[2] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “kartá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 317

[3] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “khāḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 203

[1]

[2]

[3]