罪

See also: 辠
罪 U+7F6A, 罪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F6A
← 罩
[U+7F69] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 罫 →
[U+7F6B]

Translingual

Han character

罪 (Kangxi radical 122, 网+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 田中中一卜 (WLLMY), four-corner 60111, composition ⿱罒非)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 948, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28293
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1389, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2920, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+7F6A

Chinese

trad. 罪
simp. # 罪
alternative forms 𦋛
辠
𡈚

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (罪) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
罪 *zuːlʔ
辠 *zuːlʔ
𢶀 *zruːl

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 罒 (“net”) + 非 (“mistake”). The original version is 𦋛 and its original meaning was a net for fishing, then used instead of 辠 due to the similarity of the latter character to 皇, which represents the Emperor.

Etymology

Unclear. Possibly of Sino-Tibetan origin and cognate with Mizo sual (“(adj.) bad, evil, vile, corrupt; (v. tr.) (to attempt) to criminally assault, to rape (a woman)”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • zuei5 - literary;
  • zoe5 - vernacular.
Note:
  • chǒe/chōe - literary;
  • chěr/chē - vernacular.
Note:
  • Chongming:
    • 4zai - vernacular;
    • 4dzei - literary.
  • Jiaxing:
    • 4zae - vernacular;
    • 4zue - literary.
  • Jinhua:
    • 3sae - vernacular;
    • 6dzui - literary.
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: zei5 / zei4
        • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡se̞i̯²¹/, /t͡se̞i̯⁴⁵/
    Note:
    • zei4 - literary;
    • zei5 - vernacular.
      • Dialectal data
      Variety Location 罪
      Mandarin Beijing /t͡suei⁵¹/
      Harbin /t͡suei⁵³/
      Tianjin /t͡suei⁵³/
      Jinan /t͡suei²¹/
      Qingdao /t͡sue⁴²/
      Zhengzhou /t͡suei³¹²/
      Xi'an /t͡suei⁴⁴/
      Xining /t͡suɨ²¹³/
      Yinchuan /t͡suei¹³/
      Lanzhou /t͡suei¹³/
      Ürümqi /t͡suei²¹³/
      Wuhan /t͡sei³⁵/
      Chengdu /t͡suei¹³/
      Guiyang /t͡suei²¹³/
      Kunming /t͡suei²¹²/
      Nanjing /t͡suəi⁴⁴/
      Hefei /t͡se⁵³/
      Jin Taiyuan /t͡suei⁴⁵/
      Pingyao /t͡suæ³⁵/
      Hohhot /t͡suei⁵⁵/
      Wu Shanghai /ze²³/
      Suzhou /ze̞³¹/
      Hangzhou /d͡zz̩ʷei¹³/
      Wenzhou /zai³⁵/
      Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰye²²/
      Tunxi /t͡sʰə²⁴/
      Xiang Changsha /t͡sei⁵⁵/
      /t͡sei¹¹/
      Xiangtan /d͡zəi²¹/
      Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰui²¹/
      Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰui⁵³/
      Taoyuan /t͡sʰui⁵⁵/
      Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡søy²²/
      Nanning /t͡sui²²/
      Hong Kong /t͡søy²²/
      Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sue²²/
      /t͡se²²/
      Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sɔy²⁴²/
      Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡so⁴²/
      Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sue³⁵/
      Haikou (Hainanese) /tui³³/
      Rime
      Character 罪
      Reading # 1/1
      Initial (聲) 從 (15)
      Final (韻) 灰 (42)
      Tone (調) Rising (X)
      Openness (開合) Closed
      Division (等) I
      Fanqie 徂賄切
      Baxter dzwojX
      Reconstructions
      Zhengzhang
      Shangfang             		/d͡zuʌiX/
      Pan
      Wuyun             		/d͡zuoiX/
      Shao
      Rongfen             		/d͡zuɒiX/
      Edwin
      Pulleyblank             		/d͡zwəjX/
      Li
      Rong             		/d͡zuᴀiX/
      Wang
      Li             		/d͡zuɒiX/
      Bernhard
      Karlgren             		/d͡zʱuɑ̆iX/
      Expected
      Mandarin
      Reflex             		zuì
      Expected
      Cantonese
      Reflex             		zeoi6
      Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
      Character 罪
      Reading # 1/1
      Modern
      Beijing
      (Pinyin)             		zuì
      Middle
      Chinese             		‹ dzwojX ›
      Old
      Chinese             		/*[dz]ˁujʔ/
      English crime, offense

      Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

      * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
      * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
      * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
      * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

      * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
      Zhengzhang system (2003)
      Character 罪
      Reading # 1/1
      No. 17981
      Phonetic
      component             		罪
      Rime
      group             		微
      Rime
      subdivision             		2
      Corresponding
      MC rime             		辠
      Old
      Chinese             		/*zuːlʔ/
      Notes 同辠

      Definitions

      罪

      1. crime; vice
      2. (theology) sin
      3. hardship; suffering
      4. fault

      Compounds

      References

      Japanese

      Kanji

      罪

      (Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

      Readings

      • Go-on: ざい (zai, Jōyō)
      • Kan-on: さい (sai)
      • Kun: つみ (tsumi, 罪, Jōyō)

      Compounds

      Etymology 1

      Kanji in this term
      罪
      つみ
      Grade: 5
      kun'yomi

      Pronunciation

      Noun

      罪(つみ) • (tsumi) 

      1. guilt
      2. sin
      3. offence

      Adjective

      罪(つみ) • (tsumi) -na (adnominal 罪(つみ)な (tsumi na), adverbial 罪(つみ)に (tsumi ni))

      1. sinful
      Inflection
      Inflection of 罪
      Stem forms
      Imperfective (未然形) 罪だろ つみだろ tsumi daro
      Continuative (連用形) 罪で つみで tsumi de
      Terminal (終止形) 罪だ つみだ tsumi da
      Attributive (連体形) 罪な つみな tsumi na
      Hypothetical (仮定形) 罪なら つみなら tsumi nara
      Imperative (命令形) 罪であれ つみであれ tsumi de are
      Key constructions
      Informal negative 罪ではない
      罪じゃない             		つみではない
      つみじゃない             		tsumi de wa nai
      tsumi ja nai
      Informal past 罪だった つみだった tsumi datta
      Informal negative past 罪ではなかった
      罪じゃなかった             		つみではなかった
      つみじゃなかった             		tsumi de wa nakatta
      tsumi ja nakatta
      Formal 罪です つみです tsumi desu
      Formal negative 罪ではありません
      罪じゃありません             		つみではありません
      つみじゃありません             		tsumi de wa arimasen
      tsumi ja arimasen
      Formal past 罪でした つみでした tsumi deshita
      Formal negative past 罪ではありませんでした
      罪じゃありませんでした             		つみではありませんでした
      つみじゃありませんでした             		tsumi de wa arimasen deshita
      tsumi ja arimasen deshita
      Conjunctive 罪で つみで tsumi de
      Conditional 罪なら（ば） つみなら（ば） tsumi nara (ba)
      Provisional 罪だったら つみだったら tsumi dattara
      Volitional 罪だろう つみだろう tsumi darō
      Adverbial 罪に つみに tsumi ni
      Degree 罪さ つみさ tsumisa

      Etymology 2

      Kanji in this term
      罪
      ざい
      Grade: 5
      on'yomi

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): [d͡za̠i]

      Suffix

      罪(ざい) • (-zai) 

      1. (law) Used after the name of an action, to form the name of a criminal charge
        殺(さつ)人(じん)罪(ざい) ― satsujin-zai ― murder (as a crime)
        堕(だ)胎(たい)罪(ざい) ― datai-zai ― unlawful abortion

      References

      1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

      Korean

      Hanja

      罪 (eumhun 허물 죄 (heomul joe))

      1. hanja form? of 죄 (“sin; crime; fault”)

      Vietnamese

      Han character

      罪: Hán Nôm readings: tội, tụi

      1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
      This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.