罪過
See also: 罪过
Chinese
guilt; crime; fault guilt; crime; fault; blame; sin |
to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker) to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker); to pass; to celebrate; to live; to get along; excessively; too- | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (罪過) | 罪 | 過 | |
| simp. (罪过) | 罪 | 过 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi6 gwo3
- Hakka
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chōe-kò / chǒe-kò͘ / chēr-kò͘ / chē-kòa / chěr-kòa / chě-kòa / chōe-kòa / chēr-kòa
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6ze-ku5 / 6ze-kou5 / 6zei-kou5; 6zei-khou5 / 6dzuei-ku5 / 4ze-ku5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zuìguò → zuìguo (toneless final syllable variant)
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄍㄨㄛˋ → ㄗㄨㄟˋ ˙ㄍㄨㄛ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: zuèiguo̊
- Wade–Giles: tsui4-kuo5
- Yale: dzwèi-gwo
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuey.guoh
- Palladius: цзуйго (czujgo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯ɔ⁵¹/ → /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ g̊u̯ɔ¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zeoi6 gwo3
- Yale: jeuih gwo
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey6 gwo3
- Guangdong Romanization: zêu6 guo3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɵy̯²² kʷɔː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhui-ko
- Hakka Romanization System: cui go
- Hagfa Pinyim: cui4 go4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵ ko⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: cui˖ goˇ
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰui³³ ko¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: cui4 guo4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kuo⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe-kò
- Tâi-lô: tsuē-kò
- Phofsit Daibuun: zoexkoix
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue³³⁻²¹ kɤ²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue³³⁻¹¹ ko¹¹/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sue²²⁻²¹ ko²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒe-kò͘
- Tâi-lô: tsuě-kòo
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sue²² kɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chēr-kò͘
- Tâi-lô: tsēr-kòo
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē-kòa
- Tâi-lô: tsē-kuà
- Phofsit Daibuun: zexkoax
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se³³⁻²¹ kua²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡se²²⁻²¹ kua²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡se³³⁻¹¹ kua¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chěr-kòa
- Tâi-lô: tsěr-kuà
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sə²² kua⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chě-kòa
- Tâi-lô: tsě-kuà
- Sinological IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡se³³⁻²² kua⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe-kòa
- Tâi-lô: tsuē-kuà
- Phofsit Daibuun: zoexkoax
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue³³⁻¹¹ kua¹¹/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sue²²⁻²¹ kua²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue³³⁻²¹ kua²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chēr-kòa
- Tâi-lô: tsēr-kuà
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- chē-kòa/chěr-kòa/chě-kòa - “to commit an offense; painful”.
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Wugniu: 6ze-ku5
- MiniDict: ze去 ku去
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3ze-ku2
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ze²² ku⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
- Wugniu: 6ze-kou5
- MiniDict: ze去 kou去
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ze²³ kəu¹¹/
- (Northern: Ningbo)
- Wugniu: 6zei-kou5; 6zei-khou5
- MiniDict: zei去 kou去; zei去 khou去
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /zɐɪ²² kəu⁴⁴/, /zɐɪ²² kʰəu⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Hangzhou)
- Wugniu: 6dzuei-ku5
- MiniDict: dzuei去 ku去
- Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /d͡zzʷei¹¹ ku⁵³/
- (Northern: Songjiang, Tongxiang, Haining)
- (Northern: Shanghai)
Noun
罪過
- sin; offence; fault
- 至好朋友就是耶穌，擔當罪過與煩惱 [Hokkien, trad.]
- From: 1964, 至好朋友就是耶穌 (What a Friend We Have in Jesus), in 《聖詩》
- Chì-hó pêng-iú chiū-sī Iâ-so͘, Tam-tng chōe-kòa kap hoân-ló [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- [Our] best Friend is Jesus, bearing [our] sins and worries. [literal translation]
What a Friend we have in Jesus, All our sins and griefs to bear! [original lyrics]
至好朋友就是耶稣，担当罪过与烦恼 [Hokkien, simp.]
Synonyms
Interjection
罪過
Verb
罪過
- (archaic) to criticize; to blame; to rebuke
- 1624, Feng Menglong, Jingshi Tongyan, page 266:
- (Mainland China Hokkien) to sin; to commit an offence
- (Ningbonese) to pity; to empathize with
Synonyms
Derived terms
- 失德罪過 / 失德罪过
Adjective
罪過
- (Huizhou, Northern Wu) pitiful; pitiable; poor
- (Northern Wu, morally or common sense-wise) wrong; unsound; undeserving; not righteous; constituting a faux pas
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) painful; aching; excruciating
- (Zhangzhou Hokkien) difficult to bear; having a hard time
Synonyms
- (pitiful):
Dialectal synonyms of 可憐 (“pitiful; pitiable; poor”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 可憐, 可憐見 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 可憐 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 可憐 |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 孽障 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 造孽 |
| Guiyang | 造孽 | |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 陰功, 冇陰功, 可憐 |
| Dongguan | 陰功 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 可憐 |
| Pingxiang | 可憐 | |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 可憐, 衰過 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 可憐, 衰過 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 可憐, 衰過 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 可憐, 衰過 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 可憐, 衰過 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 苦憐 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 造孽, 罪過 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 現世, 悲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 可憐代 |
| Quanzhou | 可憐代 | |
| Jinjiang | 可憐代 | |
| Zhangzhou | 可憐代 | |
| Tainan | 可憐代 GT | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 可憐代 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 可憐代 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 罪過 |
| Hangzhou | 罪過 | |
| Ningbo | 罪過 | |
| Jinhua | 罪過 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 造孽 |
| Loudi | 造孽 | |
Derived terms
- 收罪過 / 收罪过
- 罪過人 / 罪过人
- 罪過八臘 / 罪过八腊
- 罪過相 / 罪过相
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 罪 | 過 |
Noun
罪過 • (joegwa) (hangeul 죄과)