贖罪

See also: 赎罪

Chinese

		redeem; to ransom	guilt; crime; fault guilt; crime; fault; blame; sin
trad. (贖罪)		贖	罪
simp. (赎罪)		赎	罪

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shúzuì

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˊ ㄗㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): suk⁶ zeoi⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): su̍k-chhui

(Hailu, HRS): shug^ˋ cui^ˇ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): soeh⁷ zuei⁵ / syoeh⁷ zuei⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sio̍k-chōe

(Teochew, Peng'im): sog⁸ zuê⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shúzuì
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˊ ㄗㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shúzuèi
  - Wade–Giles: shu²-tsui⁴
  - Yale: shú-dzwèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shwutzuey
  - Palladius: шуцзуй (šuczuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu³⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: suk⁶ zeoi⁶
  - Yale: suhk jeuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: suk⁹ dzoey⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: sug⁶ zêu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊk̚² t͡sɵy̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: su̍k-chhui
  - Hakka Romanization System: sug cui
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sug⁶ cui⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /suk̚⁵ t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: shug^ˋ cui^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃuk² t͡sʰui¹¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: soeh⁷ zuei⁵ [Phonetic: soeh⁴ zuei⁵]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: se̤̍h-cōi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬœʔ⁴⁻⁴² t͡suei¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: syoeh⁷ zuei⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬyøʔ⁴ t͡suei²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍k-chōe
  - Tâi-lô: sio̍k-tsuē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siogzoe
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /siɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sue²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sue³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sog⁸ zuê⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: so̍k tsuĕ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sok̚⁴⁻² t͡sue³⁵/

Verb

贖罪

to atone for one's crime; to expiate
- 鹿在原住民部落有三用：食物、聘禮、贖罪品。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, trad.]
  鹿在原住民部落有三用：食物、聘礼、赎罪品。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, simp.]
  From: February 2018, 臺灣歷史地圖增訂版
  Lù zài yuánzhùmín bùluò yǒu sān yòng: shíwù, pìnglǐ, shúzuìpǐn. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

贖罪券 / 赎罪券 (shúzuìquàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (贖罪):

→ Japanese: 贖(しょく)罪(ざい) (shokuzai)
→ Korean: 속죄(贖罪) (sokjoe)

References

“贖罪”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
徐兆泉 (2009), “贖罪”, in 臺灣四縣腔海陸腔客家話辭典 [Hakka Dictionary of Taiwan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka), Taipei: SMC Publishing Inc..

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
贖	罪
しょく Hyōgai	ざい Grade: 5
kan'on	goon

Uses the kan'on of 贖; the most common reading.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しょくざい [shòkúzáí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [ɕo̞kɯ̟za̠i]

Noun

贖(しょく)罪(ざい) • (shokuzai)

atonement

Verb

贖(しょく)罪(ざい)する • (shokuzai suru) suru (stem 贖(しょく)罪(ざい)し (shokuzai shi), past 贖(しょく)罪(ざい)した (shokuzai shita))

atone, expiate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "贖罪する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	贖罪し	しょくざいし	shokuzai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	贖罪し	しょくざいし	shokuzai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	贖罪する	しょくざいする	shokuzai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	贖罪する	しょくざいする	shokuzai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	贖罪すれ	しょくざいすれ	shokuzai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	贖罪せよ¹ 贖罪しろ²	しょくざいせよ¹ しょくざいしろ²	shokuzai seyo¹ shokuzai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	贖罪される	しょくざいされる	shokuzai sareru
Causative	贖罪させる贖罪さす	しょくざいさせるしょくざいさす	shokuzai saseru shokuzai sasu
Potential	贖罪できる	しょくざいできる	shokuzai dekiru
Volitional	贖罪しよう	しょくざいしよう	shokuzai shiyō
Negative	贖罪しない	しょくざいしない	shokuzai shinai
Negative continuative	贖罪せず	しょくざいせず	shokuzai sezu
Formal	贖罪します	しょくざいします	shokuzai shimasu
Perfective	贖罪した	しょくざいした	shokuzai shita
Conjunctive	贖罪して	しょくざいして	shokuzai shite
Hypothetical conditional	贖罪すれば	しょくざいすれば	shokuzai sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
贖	罪
とく Hyōgai	ざい Grade: 5
kan'yōon	goon

Uses the kan'yōon of 贖; some dictionaries consider this a misreading.^[1]^[2]^[4]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [to̞kɯ̟za̠i]

Noun

贖(とく)罪(ざい) • (tokuzai)

Same as above.

Verb

贖(とく)罪(ざい)する • (tokuzai suru) suru (stem 贖(とく)罪(ざい)し (tokuzai shi), past 贖(とく)罪(ざい)した (tokuzai shita))

Same as above.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "贖罪する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	贖罪し	とくざいし	tokuzai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	贖罪し	とくざいし	tokuzai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	贖罪する	とくざいする	tokuzai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	贖罪する	とくざいする	tokuzai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	贖罪すれ	とくざいすれ	tokuzai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	贖罪せよ¹ 贖罪しろ²	とくざいせよ¹ とくざいしろ²	tokuzai seyo¹ tokuzai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	贖罪される	とくざいされる	tokuzai sareru
Causative	贖罪させる贖罪さす	とくざいさせるとくざいさす	tokuzai saseru tokuzai sasu
Potential	贖罪できる	とくざいできる	tokuzai dekiru
Volitional	贖罪しよう	とくざいしよう	tokuzai shiyō
Negative	贖罪しない	とくざいしない	tokuzai shinai
Negative continuative	贖罪せず	とくざいせず	tokuzai sezu
Formal	贖罪します	とくざいします	tokuzai shimasu
Perfective	贖罪した	とくざいした	tokuzai shita
Conjunctive	贖罪して	とくざいして	tokuzai shite
Hypothetical conditional	贖罪すれば	とくざいすれば	tokuzai sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
贖	罪
ぞく Hyōgai	ざい Grade: 5
goon

Uses the goon of 贖.^[4]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d͡zo̞kɯ̟za̠i]

Noun

贖(ぞく)罪(ざい) • (zokuzai)

Same as above.

Verb

贖(ぞく)罪(ざい)する • (zokuzai suru) suru (stem 贖(ぞく)罪(ざい)し (zokuzai shi), past 贖(ぞく)罪(ざい)した (zokuzai shita))

Same as above.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "贖罪する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	贖罪し	ぞくざいし	zokuzai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	贖罪し	ぞくざいし	zokuzai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	贖罪する	ぞくざいする	zokuzai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	贖罪する	ぞくざいする	zokuzai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	贖罪すれ	ぞくざいすれ	zokuzai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	贖罪せよ¹ 贖罪しろ²	ぞくざいせよ¹ ぞくざいしろ²	zokuzai seyo¹ zokuzai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	贖罪される	ぞくざいされる	zokuzai sareru
Causative	贖罪させる贖罪さす	ぞくざいさせるぞくざいさす	zokuzai saseru zokuzai sasu
Potential	贖罪できる	ぞくざいできる	zokuzai dekiru
Volitional	贖罪しよう	ぞくざいしよう	zokuzai shiyō
Negative	贖罪しない	ぞくざいしない	zokuzai shinai
Negative continuative	贖罪せず	ぞくざいせず	zokuzai sezu
Formal	贖罪します	ぞくざいします	zokuzai shimasu
Perfective	贖罪した	ぞくざいした	zokuzai shita
Conjunctive	贖罪して	ぞくざいして	zokuzai shite
Hypothetical conditional	贖罪すれば	ぞくざいすれば	zokuzai sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“^▲贖罪”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 “贖罪”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

Hanja in this term
贖	罪

Noun

贖罪 • (sokjoe) (hangeul 속죄)

hanja form^? of 속죄 (“atonement, expiation”)

[SMK7-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[NKD2-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 “贖罪”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

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