रुध्
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৰুধ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬭᬸᬥ᭄ (Balinese script)
- রুধ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰨𑰲𑰠𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀭𑀼𑀥𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ရုဓ် (Burmese script)
- રુધ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਰੁਧ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌰𑍁𑌧𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦫꦸꦣ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂳𑂡𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ರುಧ್ (Kannada script)
- រុធ៑ (Khmer script)
- ຣຸຘ຺ (Lao script)
- രുധ് (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᡠᢡ (Manchu script)
- 𑘨𑘳𑘠𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠤᢑᠾ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧈𑧔𑧀𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐬𑐸𑐢𑑂 (Newa script)
- ରୁଧ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢬꢸꢤ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆫𑆶𑆣𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖨𑖲𑖠𑖿 (Siddham script)
- රුධ් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩼𑩒𑩮 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚤𑚰𑚜𑚶 (Takri script)
- ருத்⁴ (Tamil script)
- రుధ్ (Telugu script)
- รุธฺ (Thai script)
- རུ་དྷ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒩𑒳𑒡𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨃𑨜𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɾudʱ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɾud̪ʱ/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *rawdʰ- (“to obstruct”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *lewdʰ- (“to obstruct”); compare Welsh arlludd (“obstacle”).[1][2]
Alternative forms
- रोध् (rodh)
Root
रुध् • (rudh)
- to obstruct, stop, arrest, check, oppose, hinder, impede, prevent
- to hold up, preserve, sustain (from falling)
- to shut up, lock or block up, close up, shut or close
- to surround, fence or hem in
- to bind, confine
- to besiege, invest, blockade
- to hide, cover, obscure, conceal
- to oppress, torment, afflict excessively
- (causative) to cause to stop, detain, impede, obstruct
- to fetter, confine, chain
- to oppress, torment, harass
Derived terms
Primary verbal forms
- रु॒णद्धि॑ (ruṇáddhi, present)
- रुन्धति (rundhati, present)
- रोधति (rodhati, present)
- रो॒त्स्यति॑ (rotsyáti, future)
- रोद्धा (roddhā, periphrastic future)
- अरु॑धत् (árudhat, aorist)
- अरौ॑त्सीत् (árautsīt, aorist)
- अरो॑त् (árot, aorist)
- रुध्यात् (rudhyāt, benedictive)
- रु॒रोध॑ (ruródha, perfect)
Secondary forms
- रु॒ध्यते॑ (rudhyáte, passive)
- अरो॑धि (árodhi, passive aorist)
- रोधयति (rodhayati, causative)
- रुन्धयति (rundhayati, causative)
- अरूरुधत् (arūrudhat, causative aorist)
- रोध्यते (rodhyate, passive of causative)
- रुरुत्सति (rurutsati, desiderative)
- रोरोद्धि (roroddhi, intensive)
- रोरुध्यते (rorudhyate, intensive)
Non-finite forms
- रु॒द्ध (ruddhá, past participle)
- रोद्धुम् (roddhum, infinitive)
- रोधितुम् (rodhitum, infinitive)
- रोद्धोस् (roddhos, infinitive)
- रुद्ध्वा (ruddhvā, gerund)
- रुध्य॑ (rúdhya, gerund)
- रुध॑म् (rúdham, gerund)
- रोध्य (rodhya, gerundive)
- रोद्धव्य (roddhavya, gerundive)
Derived nominal forms
- रुध् (rudh)
- रोध॑ (ródha)
- रोधक (rodhaka)
- रोध॑न (ródhana)
- रो॒ध॒ना (rodhanā́)
- रोध॑स् (ródhas)
- रोधिन् (rodhin)
- रोद्धृ (roddhṛ)
Prefixed root forms
- अनुरुध् (anurudh)
- अपरुध् (aparudh)
- अभिरुध् (abhirudh)
- अवरुध् (avarudh)
- आरुध् (ārudh)
- उद्रुध् (udrudh)
- उपरुध् (uparudh)
- निरुध् (nirudh)
- प्रतिरुध् (pratirudh)
- प्ररुध् (prarudh)
- विरुध् (virudh)
- संरुध् (saṃrudh)
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root रुध् (0 c, 7 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root रुध् (3 c, 0 e)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “RUDH(1,2)”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 453
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “RODH1 hemmen, hindern”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 467
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “रुध्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 884, column 1.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 143
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”). Cognate with Old English lēodan.[1][2]
Alternative forms
- रुह् (ruh), रोध् (rodh)
Root
रुध् • (rudh)
Derived terms
- रुधतः (rudhataḥ)
- रुधत् (rudhat)
- रोधति (rodhati)
- विरोधत् (virodhat)
Related terms
- रुह् (ruh)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “RUDH(1,2)”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][3] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 453
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “RODH2 wachsen”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][4] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 467
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “रुध्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 884, column 1.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 142