रुद्ध
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৰুদ্ধ (Assamese script)
- ᬭᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
- রুদ্ধ (Bengali script)
- 𑰨𑰲𑰟𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀭𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
- ရုဒ္ဓ (Burmese script)
- રુદ્ધ (Gujarati script)
- ਰੁਦ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌰𑍁𑌦𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
- ꦫꦸꦢ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂳𑂠𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
- ರುದ್ಧ (Kannada script)
- រុទ្ធ (Khmer script)
- ຣຸທ຺ຘ (Lao script)
- രുദ്ധ (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᡠᡩᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘨𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠤᢑᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧈𑧔𑦿𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐬𑐸𑐡𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
- ରୁଦ୍ଧ (Odia script)
- ꢬꢸꢣ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆫𑆶𑆢𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
- 𑖨𑖲𑖟𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
- රුද්ධ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩼𑩒𑩭 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚤𑚰𑚛𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
- ருத்³த⁴ (Tamil script)
- రుద్ధ (Telugu script)
- รุทฺธ (Thai script)
- རུ་དྡྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒩𑒳𑒠𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨃𑨛𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *rudᶻdʰás, from the root *rawdʰ- (“to obstruct, hinder, block”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌 (auuaraoδəṇti), 𐬬𐬍𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (vīraoδaiieiti). The Sanskrit root is रुध् (rudh).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɾud.dʱɐ́/, [ɾud̚.dʱɐ́]
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɾud̪.d̪ʱɐ/, [ɾud̪̚.d̪ʱɐ]
Adjective
रु॒द्ध • (ruddhá) stem
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रु॒द्धः (ruddháḥ) | रु॒द्धौ (ruddháu) रु॒द्धा¹ (ruddhā́¹) |
रु॒द्धाः (ruddhā́ḥ) रु॒द्धासः॑¹ (ruddhā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | रु॒द्धम् (ruddhám) | रु॒द्धौ (ruddháu) रु॒द्धा¹ (ruddhā́¹) |
रु॒द्धान् (ruddhā́n) |
| instrumental | रु॒द्धेन॑ (ruddhéna) | रु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (ruddhā́bhyām) | रु॒द्धैः (ruddháiḥ) रु॒द्धेभिः॑¹ (ruddhébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | रु॒द्धाय॑ (ruddhā́ya) | रु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (ruddhā́bhyām) | रु॒द्धेभ्यः॑ (ruddhébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रु॒द्धात् (ruddhā́t) | रु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (ruddhā́bhyām) | रु॒द्धेभ्यः॑ (ruddhébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रु॒द्धस्य॑ (ruddhásya) | रु॒द्धयोः॑ (ruddháyoḥ) | रु॒द्धाना॑म् (ruddhā́nām) |
| locative | रु॒द्धे (ruddhé) | रु॒द्धयोः॑ (ruddháyoḥ) | रु॒द्धेषु॑ (ruddhéṣu) |
| vocative | रुद्ध॑ (rúddha) | रुद्धौ॑ (rúddhau) रुद्धा॑¹ (rúddhā¹) |
रुद्धाः॑ (rúddhāḥ) रुद्धा॑सः¹ (rúddhāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रु॒द्धा (ruddhā́) | रु॒द्धे (ruddhé) | रु॒द्धाः (ruddhā́ḥ) |
| accusative | रु॒द्धाम् (ruddhā́m) | रु॒द्धे (ruddhé) | रु॒द्धाः (ruddhā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | रु॒द्धया॑ (ruddháyā) रु॒द्धा¹ (ruddhā́¹) |
रु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (ruddhā́bhyām) | रु॒द्धाभिः॑ (ruddhā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | रु॒द्धायै॑ (ruddhā́yai) | रु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (ruddhā́bhyām) | रु॒द्धाभ्यः॑ (ruddhā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रु॒द्धायाः॑ (ruddhā́yāḥ) रु॒द्धायै॑² (ruddhā́yai²) |
रु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (ruddhā́bhyām) | रु॒द्धाभ्यः॑ (ruddhā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रु॒द्धायाः॑ (ruddhā́yāḥ) रु॒द्धायै॑² (ruddhā́yai²) |
रु॒द्धयोः॑ (ruddháyoḥ) | रु॒द्धाना॑म् (ruddhā́nām) |
| locative | रु॒द्धाया॑म् (ruddhā́yām) | रु॒द्धयोः॑ (ruddháyoḥ) | रु॒द्धासु॑ (ruddhā́su) |
| vocative | रुद्धे॑ (rúddhe) | रुद्धे॑ (rúddhe) | रुद्धाः॑ (rúddhāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रु॒द्धम् (ruddhám) | रु॒द्धे (ruddhé) | रु॒द्धानि॑ (ruddhā́ni) रु॒द्धा¹ (ruddhā́¹) |
| accusative | रु॒द्धम् (ruddhám) | रु॒द्धे (ruddhé) | रु॒द्धानि॑ (ruddhā́ni) रु॒द्धा¹ (ruddhā́¹) |
| instrumental | रु॒द्धेन॑ (ruddhéna) | रु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (ruddhā́bhyām) | रु॒द्धैः (ruddháiḥ) रु॒द्धेभिः॑¹ (ruddhébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | रु॒द्धाय॑ (ruddhā́ya) | रु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (ruddhā́bhyām) | रु॒द्धेभ्यः॑ (ruddhébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रु॒द्धात् (ruddhā́t) | रु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (ruddhā́bhyām) | रु॒द्धेभ्यः॑ (ruddhébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रु॒द्धस्य॑ (ruddhásya) | रु॒द्धयोः॑ (ruddháyoḥ) | रु॒द्धाना॑म् (ruddhā́nām) |
| locative | रु॒द्धे (ruddhé) | रु॒द्धयोः॑ (ruddháyoḥ) | रु॒द्धेषु॑ (ruddhéṣu) |
| vocative | रुद्ध॑ (rúddha) | रुद्धे॑ (rúddhe) | रुद्धा॑नि (rúddhāni) रुद्धा॑¹ (rúddhā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri: [script needed] (rūdᵘ)
- Pali: रुद्ध (ruddha)
- Prakrit: रुद्ध (ruddha)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
- ⇒ Hindustani:
- Hindi: रोधना (rodhnā)
- Urdu: رودھنا (rodhnā)
- ⇒ Hindustani:
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- ⇒ Bengali: রুধা (rudha)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Lahnda: ردھا (ruddhā)
- ⇒ Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਰੁੱਧਣਾ (ruddhaṇā)
- Shahmukhi script: ردھنا (ruddhṇā)
- Sindhi: [script needed] (rudho)
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
- ⇒ Marathi: रुधणे (rudhṇe)
- Western Indo-Aryan:
- Old Gujarati: रूधिउ (rūdhiu, “obstructed”)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “रुद्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 0884/1-2.