या

See also: यों, यूँ, यी, यो, य, and ये

Braj

Pronoun

या (yā)

  1. oblique of यह (yah)
    Synonym: इहिं (ihĩ)

See also

Hindi

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian یا (yā).

Conjunction

या • (yā) (Urdu spelling یا)

  1. or
    Synonyms: अथवा (athvā), वा (vā), कि (ki)
    क्या आपको चाय या कॉफ़ी चाहिए?
    kyā āpko cāy yā kŏfī cāhie?
    Would you like tea or coffee?
    कौन बड़ा है, सुमित या सुमन?
    kaun baṛā hai, sumit yā suman?
    Who's bigger, Sumit or Suman?

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic يا (yā).

Interjection

या • (yā) (Urdu spelling یا)

  1. O (vocative particle)
    Synonyms: (more common) अरे (are), हे (he)
    या अल्लाह, क्या हो गया है!
    yā allāh, kyā ho gayā hai!
    O God, what has happened! (Islam)

Nepali

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [jä]
  • Phonetic Devanagari: या

Conjunction

या • (yā)

  1. or

Newar

Pronunciation

Postposition

या • (yā) (Newa Spelling 𑐫𑐵)

  1. marks the genitive case: of, belonging to

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts
  • yā (Latin script)
  • 𑀬𑀸 (Brahmi script)
  • যা (Bengali script)
  • යා (Sinhalese script)
  • ယာ or ယႃ (Burmese script)
  • ยา (Thai script)
  • ᨿᩣ (Tai Tham script)
  • ຍາ or ຢາ (Lao script)
  • យា (Khmer script)
  • 𑄠𑄂 (Chakma script)

Pronoun

या f

  1. Devanagari script form of yā (“who”)

Declension

Declension table of "या" (feminine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)या (yā)यायो (yāyo) or या (yā)
Accusative (second)यं (yaṃ)यायो (yāyo) or या (yā)
Instrumental (third)याय (yāya)याहि (yāhi) or याभि (yābhi)
Dative (fourth)याय (yāya) or यस्सा (yassā)यासं (yāsaṃ) or यासानं (yāsānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)याय (yāya)याहि (yāhi) or याभि (yābhi)
Genitive (sixth)याय (yāya) or यस्सा (yassā)यासं (yāsaṃ) or यासानं (yāsānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)याय (yāya) or यायं (yāyaṃ) or यस्सं (yassaṃ)यासु (yāsu)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts
  • যা (Assamese script)
  • ᬬᬵ (Balinese script)
  • যা (Bengali script)
  • 𑰧𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀬𑀸 (Brahmi script)
  • ယာ (Burmese script)
  • યા (Gujarati script)
  • ਯਾ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌯𑌾 (Grantha script)
  • ꦪꦴ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂨𑂰 (Kaithi script)
  • ಯಾ (Kannada script)
  • យា (Khmer script)
  • ຍາ (Lao script)
  • യാ (Malayalam script)
  • ᠶᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘧𑘰 (Modi script)
  • ᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑧇𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐫𑐵 (Newa script)
  • ଯା (Odia script)
  • ꢫꢵ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆪𑆳 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖧𑖯 (Siddham script)
  • යා (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩻𑩛 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚣𑚭 (Takri script)
  • யா (Tamil script)
  • యా (Telugu script)
  • ยา (Thai script)
  • ཡཱ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒨𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨪𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

    Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yaH-, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂- (“to go”).[1]

    Root

    या • (yā)

    1. to go, proceed, move, walk, set out, march, advance, travel, journey
    2. to go away, withdraw, retire
    3. to flee, escape
    4. to go towards or against, go or come to, enter, approach, arrive at, reach
    5. to go to a woman for sexual intercourse
    6. to go to for any purpose
    7. to extend to
    8. to last for
    9. to pass away, elapse (said of time)
    10. to vanish, disappear (as wealth)
    11. to come to pass, prosper, succeed
    12. to proceed, behave, act
    13. to find out, discover
    14. to receive or learn (a science) from
    15. to undertake, undergo
    Derived terms
    Primary verbal forms
    Secondary forms
    • यायते (yāyate, passive)
    • या॒पय॑ति (yāpáyati, causative)
    • अयी॑यपत् (áyīyapat, causative aorist)
    • यियासति (yiyāsati, desiderative)
    • याययते (yāyayate, intensive)
    • यायेति (yāyeti, intensive)
    • यायाति (yāyāti, intensive)
    Non-finite forms
    • या॒त (yātá, past participle)
    • यातुम् (yātum, infinitive)
    • यात॑वे (yā́tave, infinitive)
    • यात॒वै (yā́tavái, infinitive)
    • यै (yái, infinitive)
    • या॒त्वा (yātvā́, gerund)
    • याय॑ (yā́ya, gerund)
    • यायम् (yāyam, gerund)
    • यातव्य (yātavya, gerundive)
    • याप्य (yāpya, causative gerundive)
    • यियासु (yiyāsu, desiderative participle)
    Derived nominal forms
    Prefixed root forms
    • अतिया (atiyā)
    • अनुया (anuyā)
    • अपया (apayā)
    • अभिया (abhiyā)
    • अवया (avayā)
    • आया (āyā)
    • उद्या (udyā)
    • उपया (upayā)
    • निर्या (niryā)
    • निया (niyā)
    • पराया (parāyā)
    • परिया (pariyā)
    • प्रतिया (pratiyā)
    • प्रया (prayā)
    • विया (viyā)
    • संया (saṃyā)
    Sanskrit terms belonging to the root या (0 c, 10 e)
    Terms derived from the Sanskrit root या (19 c, 0 e)

    Noun

    या • (yā) stem, f

    1. going
    2. a car
    3. restraining
    4. religious meditation
    5. attaining
    6. pudendum muliebre
    Declension
    Feminine ā-stem declension of या
    singular dual plural
    nominative याः (yāḥ) यौ (yau)
    या¹ (yā¹)     		याः (yāḥ)
    accusative याम् (yām) यौ (yau)
    या¹ (yā¹)     		याः (yāḥ)
    यः² (yaḥ²)
    instrumental या (yā) याभ्याम् (yābhyām) याभिः (yābhiḥ)
    dative ये (ye) याभ्याम् (yābhyām) याभ्यः (yābhyaḥ)
    ablative यः (yaḥ) याभ्याम् (yābhyām) याभ्यः (yābhyaḥ)
    genitive यः (yaḥ) योः (yoḥ) यानाम् (yānām)
    याम्² (yām²)
    locative यि (yi) योः (yoḥ) यासु (yāsu)
    vocative याः (yāḥ) यौ (yau)
    या¹ (yā¹)     		याः (yāḥ)
    • ¹Vedic
    • ²Perhaps

    Etymology 2

    From Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂- (“to beg, request”), which is often considered semantically related to the "go" sense of Etymology 1 (though Mayrhofer and Lubotsky separate the two). Cognate with Tocharian B yāsk- (“to beg”),[2][3] Ancient Greek ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal, ardor”), Old Irish áilid (“wishes strongly, implores”). याच् (yāc, “to implore”) is likely an enlargement of the root.

    Root

    या • (yā)

    1. to go to for any request, implore, solicit
    Derived terms
    • अवया (avayā)
    • अवयान (avayāna)
    • इयान (iyāna)
    • यामन् (yāman)
    • यासिषीष्ठास् (yāsiṣīṣṭhās)
    • यासीष्ट (yāsīṣṭa)

    Etymology 3

    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Pronoun

    या • (yā́)

    1. nominative singular feminine of यद् (yád)
    2. (Vedic) nominative/accusative dual masculine of यद् (yád)
      Synonym: यौ (yáu)
    3. (Vedic) nominative/accusative plural neuter of यद् (yád)
      Synonym: यानि (yā́ni)

    References

    1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “YĀ1”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 407
    2. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “YĀ2”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 408
    3. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “yā [2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 617

    Further reading

    • Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “yā”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
    • Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*i̯aH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 210
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