यातृ

See also: यातु and यति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

যাতৃ (Assamese script)
ᬬᬵᬢᬺ (Balinese script)
যাতৃ (Bengali script)
𑰧𑰯𑰝𑰴 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀬𑀸𑀢𑀾 (Brahmi script)
ယာတၖ (Burmese script)
યાતૃ (Gujarati script)
ਯਾਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌯𑌾𑌤𑍃 (Grantha script)
ꦪꦴꦠꦽ (Javanese script)
𑂨𑂰𑂞𑃂 (Kaithi script)
ಯಾತೃ (Kannada script)
យាត្ឫ (Khmer script)
ຍາຕ຺ຣິ (Lao script)
യാതൃ (Malayalam script)
ᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘧𑘰𑘝𑘵 (Modi script)
ᠶ᠋ᠠᢗᢐᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧇𑧑𑦽𑧖 (Nandinagari script)
𑐫𑐵𑐟𑐺 (Newa script)
ଯାତୃ (Odia script)
ꢫꢵꢡꢺ (Saurashtra script)
𑆪𑆳𑆠𑆸 (Sharada script)
𑖧𑖯𑖝𑖴 (Siddham script)
යාතෘ (Sinhalese script)
𑩻𑩛𑩫𑩙 (Soyombo script)
𑚣𑚭𑚙 (Takri script)
யாத்ரி (Tamil script)
యాతృ (Telugu script)
ยาตฺฤ (Thai script)
ཡཱ་ཏྲྀ (Tibetan script)
𑒨𑒰𑒞𑒵 (Tirhuta script)
𑨪𑨊𑨙𑨼𑨉 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɑː.tr̩/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /jɑː.t̪r̩/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HyaHtā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HyaHtā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yénh₂tēr ~ h₁yn̥h₂trés. Cognate with Latin janitrīcēs, Ancient Greek ἐνάτηρ (enátēr).

Noun

यातृ • (yātṛ) stem, f

co-sister-in-law, husband’s brother’s wife

Usage notes

The accentuation is given by the Unadi-Sutras as यातृ॑ (yā́tṛ), but this isn't considered reliable by Mayrhofer.

Declension

Feminine ṛ-stem declension of यातृ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	याता (yātā)	यातरौ (yātarau) यातरा¹ (yātarā¹)	यातरः (yātaraḥ)
accusative	यातरम् (yātaram)	यातरौ (yātarau) यातरा¹ (yātarā¹)	यातॄः (yātṝḥ)
instrumental	यात्रा (yātrā)	यातृभ्याम् (yātṛbhyām)	यातृभिः (yātṛbhiḥ)
dative	यात्रे (yātre)	यातृभ्याम् (yātṛbhyām)	यातृभ्यः (yātṛbhyaḥ)
ablative	यातुः (yātuḥ)	यातृभ्याम् (yātṛbhyām)	यातृभ्यः (yātṛbhyaḥ)
genitive	यातुः (yātuḥ)	यात्रोः (yātroḥ)	यातॄणाम् (yātṝṇām)
locative	यातरि (yātari)	यात्रोः (yātroḥ)	यातृषु (yātṛṣu)
vocative	यातः (yātaḥ)	यातरौ (yātarau) यातरा¹ (yātarā¹)	यातरः (yātaraḥ)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Prakrit: जाउ (jāu), जाउया (jāuyā)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
  - Hindi: जा (jā)
  - Urdu: جا (jā)
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  - Assamese: জা (za)
  - Bengali: জা (ja)
  - Odia: ଜା (jā)
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
  - Konkani: jāv
    Devanagari script: जाव
    
    Kannada script: ಜಾವ್
    
    Latin script: zav
  - Marathi: जाऊ (jāū)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “यातृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 851, column 1.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976), “yātā”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 15-16
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “yā́tr̥”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Etymology 2

From the root या (yā, “to go, drive”) +‎ -तृ (-tṛ).

Adjective

यातृ॑ • (yā́tṛ) stem

going, travelling

Declension

Masculine ṛ-stem declension of यातृ॑
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	याता॑ (yā́tā)	याता॑रौ (yā́tārau) याता॑रा¹ (yā́tārā¹)	याता॑रः (yā́tāraḥ)
accusative	याता॑रम् (yā́tāram)	याता॑रौ (yā́tārau) याता॑रा¹ (yā́tārā¹)	यातॄ॑न् (yā́tṝn)
instrumental	यात्रा॑ (yā́trā)	यातृ॑भ्याम् (yā́tṛbhyām)	यातृ॑भिः (yā́tṛbhiḥ)
dative	यात्रे॑ (yā́tre)	यातृ॑भ्याम् (yā́tṛbhyām)	यातृ॑भ्यः (yā́tṛbhyaḥ)
ablative	यातुः॑ (yā́tuḥ)	यातृ॑भ्याम् (yā́tṛbhyām)	यातृ॑भ्यः (yā́tṛbhyaḥ)
genitive	यातुः॑ (yā́tuḥ)	यात्रोः॑ (yā́troḥ)	यातॄ॑णाम् (yā́tṝṇām)
locative	यात॑रि (yā́tari)	यात्रोः॑ (yā́troḥ)	यातृ॑षु (yā́tṛṣu)
vocative	यातः॑ (yā́taḥ)	याता॑रौ (yā́tārau) याता॑रा¹ (yā́tārā¹)	याता॑रः (yā́tāraḥ)

¹Vedic

Feminine ī-stem declension of यात्री॑
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	यात्री॑ (yā́trī)	यात्र्यौ॑ (yā́tryau) यात्री॑¹ (yā́trī¹)	यात्र्यः॑ (yā́tryaḥ) यात्रीः॑¹ (yā́trīḥ¹)
accusative	यात्री॑म् (yā́trīm)	यात्र्यौ॑ (yā́tryau) यात्री॑¹ (yā́trī¹)	यात्रीः॑ (yā́trīḥ)
instrumental	यात्र्या॑ (yā́tryā)	यात्री॑भ्याम् (yā́trībhyām)	यात्री॑भिः (yā́trībhiḥ)
dative	यात्र्यै॑ (yā́tryai)	यात्री॑भ्याम् (yā́trībhyām)	यात्री॑भ्यः (yā́trībhyaḥ)
ablative	यात्र्याः॑ (yā́tryāḥ) यात्र्यै॑² (yā́tryai²)	यात्री॑भ्याम् (yā́trībhyām)	यात्री॑भ्यः (yā́trībhyaḥ)
genitive	यात्र्याः॑ (yā́tryāḥ) यात्र्यै॑² (yā́tryai²)	यात्र्योः॑ (yā́tryoḥ)	यात्री॑णाम् (yā́trīṇām)
locative	यात्र्या॑म् (yā́tryām)	यात्र्योः॑ (yā́tryoḥ)	यात्री॑षु (yā́trīṣu)
vocative	यात्रि॑ (yā́tri)	यात्र्यौ॑ (yā́tryau) यात्री॑¹ (yā́trī¹)	यात्र्यः॑ (yā́tryaḥ) यात्रीः॑¹ (yā́trīḥ¹)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter ṛ-stem declension of यातृ॑
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	यातृ॑ (yā́tṛ)	यातृ॑णी (yā́tṛṇī)	यातॄ॑णि (yā́tṝṇi)
accusative	यातृ॑ (yā́tṛ)	यातृ॑णी (yā́tṛṇī)	यातॄ॑णि (yā́tṝṇi)
instrumental	यातृ॑णा (yā́tṛṇā)	यातृ॑भ्याम् (yā́tṛbhyām)	यातृ॑भिः (yā́tṛbhiḥ)
dative	यातृ॑णे (yā́tṛṇe)	यातृ॑भ्याम् (yā́tṛbhyām)	यातृ॑भ्यः (yā́tṛbhyaḥ)
ablative	यातृ॑णः (yā́tṛṇaḥ)	यातृ॑भ्याम् (yā́tṛbhyām)	यातृ॑भ्यः (yā́tṛbhyaḥ)
genitive	यातृ॑णः (yā́tṛṇaḥ)	यातृ॑णोः (yā́tṛṇoḥ)	यातॄ॑णाम् (yā́tṝṇām)
locative	यातृ॑णि (yā́tṛṇi)	यातृ॑णोः (yā́tṛṇoḥ)	यातृ॑षु (yā́tṛṣu)
vocative	यातृ॑ (yā́tṛ) यातः॑ (yā́taḥ)	यातृ॑णी (yā́tṛṇī)	यातॄ॑णि (yā́tṝṇi)

Noun

यातृ॑ • (yā́tṛ) stem, m (Vedic)

charioteer

References

Monier Williams (1899), “यातृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 849, column 2.

Etymology 3

Possibly from the root या (yā, “to request, implore”).

Noun

या॒तृ • (yātṛ́) stem, m (Vedic)

avenger

Declension

Masculine ṛ-stem declension of या॒तृ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	या॒ता (yātā́)	या॒तारौ॑ (yātā́rau) या॒तारा॑¹ (yātā́rā¹)	या॒तारः॑ (yātā́raḥ)
accusative	या॒तार॑म् (yātā́ram)	या॒तारौ॑ (yātā́rau) या॒तारा॑¹ (yātā́rā¹)	या॒तॄन् (yātṝ́n)
instrumental	या॒त्रा (yātrā́)	या॒तृभ्या॑म् (yātṛ́bhyām)	या॒तृभिः॑ (yātṛ́bhiḥ)
dative	या॒त्रे (yātré)	या॒तृभ्या॑म् (yātṛ́bhyām)	या॒तृभ्यः॑ (yātṛ́bhyaḥ)
ablative	या॒तुः (yātúḥ)	या॒तृभ्या॑म् (yātṛ́bhyām)	या॒तृभ्यः॑ (yātṛ́bhyaḥ)
genitive	या॒तुः (yātúḥ)	या॒त्रोः (yātróḥ)	या॒तॄ॒णाम् (yātṝṇā́m)
locative	या॒तरि॑ (yātári)	या॒त्रोः (yātróḥ)	या॒तृषु॑ (yātṛ́ṣu)
vocative	यातः॑ (yā́taḥ)	याता॑रौ (yā́tārau) याता॑रा¹ (yā́tārā¹)	याता॑रः (yā́tāraḥ)

¹Vedic

References

Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “yā [2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 617-8